Introduction to Acid-Base Chemistry and Arterial Blood Gases

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Farrokh Habibzadeh ◽  
Mahboobeh Yadollahie ◽  
Parham Habibzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood

Anesthetic effects on liver and muscle glycogen concentrations: rest and postexercise

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 2895-2900 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Musch ◽  
B. S. Warfel ◽  
R. L. Moore ◽  
D. R. Larach
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Lactate ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles

We compared the effects of three different anesthetics (halothane, ketamine-xylazine, and diethyl ether) on arterial blood gases, acid-base status, and tissue glycogen concentrations in rats subjected to 20 min of rest or treadmill exercise (10% grade, 28 m/min). Results demonstrated that exercise produced significant increases in arterial lactate concentrations along with reductions in arterial Pco2 (PaCO2) and bicarbonate concentrations in all rats compared with resting values. Furthermore, exercise produced significant reductions in the glycogen concentrations in the liver and soleus and plantaris muscles, whereas the glycogen concentrations found in the diaphragm and white gastrocnemius muscles were similar to those found at rest. Rats that received halothane and ketamine-xylazine anesthesia demonstrated an increase in Paco2 and a respiratory acidosis compared with rats that received either anesthesia. These differences in arterial blood gases and acid-base status did not appear to have any effect on tissue glycogen concentrations, because the glycogen contents found in liver and different skeletal muscles were similar to one another cross all three anesthetic groups. These data suggest that even though halothane and ketamine-xylazine anesthesia will produce a significant amount of ventilatory depression in the rat, both anesthetics may be used in studies where changes in tissue glycogen concentrations are being measured and where adequate general anesthesia is required.

Arterial Blood Gases, Acid-Base Balance, and Lactate and Gas Exchange Variables During Hypoxic Exercise

1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yoshida ◽  
M. Udo ◽  
M. Chida ◽  
K. Makiguchi ◽  
M. Ichioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Hypoxic Exercise

Arterial blood gases and acid-base balance in healthy young and aged horses

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. AGUILERA-TEJERO ◽  
J. C. ESTEPA ◽  
I. LÓPEZ ◽  
R. MAYER-VALOR ◽  
M. RODRÍGUEZ
Keyword(s):  
Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Base Balance

Arterial blood gases and acid-base status of dogs during graded dynamic exercise

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1914-1919 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Musch ◽  
D. B. Friedman ◽  
G. C. Haidet ◽  
J. Stray-Gundersen ◽  
T. G. Waldrop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Acid Base Status

The objective of this study was to determine whether arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) decreases or remains unchanged from resting levels during mild to moderate steady-state exercise in the dog. To accomplish this, O2 consumption (VO2) arterial blood gases and acid-base status, arterial lactate concentration ([LA-]a), and rectal temperature (Tr) were measured in 27 chronically instrumented dogs at rest, during different levels of submaximal exercise, and during maximal exercise on a motor-driven treadmill. During mild exercise [35% of maximal O2 consumption (VO2 max)], PaCO2 decreased 5.3 +/- 0.4 Torr and resulted in a respiratory alkalosis (delta pHa = +0.029 +/- 0.005). Arterial PO2 (PaO2) increased 5.9 +/- 1.5 Torr and Tr increased 0.5 +/- 0.1 degree C. As the exercise levels progressed from mild to moderate exercise (64% of VO2 max) the magnitude of the hypocapnia and the resultant respiratory alkalosis remained unchanged as PaCO2 remained 5.9 +/- 0.7 Torr below and delta pHa remained 0.029 +/- 0.008 above resting values. When the exercise work rate was increased to elicit VO2 max (96 +/- 2 ml X kg-1 X min-1) the amount of hypocapnia again remained unchanged from submaximal exercise levels and PaCO2 remained 6.0 +/- 0.6 Torr below resting values; however, this response occurred despite continued increases in Tr (delta Tr = 1.7 +/- 0.1 degree C), significant increases in [LA-]a (delta [LA-]a = 2.5 +/- 0.4), and a resultant metabolic acidosis (delta pHa = -0.031 +/- 0.011). The dog, like other nonhuman vertebrates, responded to mild and moderate steady-state exercise with a significant hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arterial blood gases – acid–base physiology

2014 ◽  
pp. 37-37
Author(s):  
Sara-Catrin Cook ◽  
Matt Thomas ◽  
Jerry Nolan ◽  
Michael Parr
Keyword(s):  
Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood

Breath holding during intense exercise: arterial blood gases, pH, and lactate

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1947-1952 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Matheson ◽  
D. C. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Arterial Po2

Seven healthy endurance-trained [maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) = 57.1 +/- 4.1 ml.kg-1.min-1)] female volunteers (mean age 24.4 +/- 3.6 yr) served as subjects in an experiment measuring arterial blood gases, acid-base status, and lactate changes while breath holding (BH) during intense intermittent exercise. By the use of a counterbalance design, each subject repeated five intervals of a 15-s on:30-s off treadmill run at 125% VO2max while BH and while breathing freely (NBH). Arterial blood for pH, PO2, PCO2, O2 saturation (SO2) HCO3, and lactate was sampled from a radial arterial catheter at the end of each work and rest interval and throughout recovery, and the results were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Significant reductions in pHa (delta mean = 0.07, P less than 0.01), arterial PO2 (delta mean = 24.2 Torr, P less than 0.01), and O2 saturation (delta mean = 4.6%, P less than 0.01) and elevations in arterial PCO2 (delta mean = 8.2 Torr, P less than 0.01) and arterial HCO3 (delta mean = 1.3 meq/l, P = 0.05) were found at the end of each exercise interval in the BH condition. All of the observed changes in arterial blood gases and acid-base status induced by BH were reversed during the rest intervals. During recovery, significantly (P less than 0.025) greater levels of arterial lactate were found in the BH condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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