An Emblematic Case in the Kingdom of Iraq: the Jewish Commander in Charge of the Baghdad Arsenal, Yamen Yousef, from Integration in Nation-Building to Exclusion

This article illustrates aspects of modern Iraqi history, being concerned with the life and career of Yamen Yousef (Yāmēn Yūsif, Hebrew name: Yāmīn Ṣiyyōn [ben] Yōsēf [ben] Nissīm), an officer in the army of the Kingdom of Iraq, who was the commander in charge of the Baghdad Royal Arsenal in the 1930s, and earlier on had been one of the three young officers made to proclaim Iraq’s first king during the coronation ceremony. That up to the late 1930s he was commander in charge of the Baghdad Royal Arsenal is in retrospect surprising (and that late in that decade a false charge was made against him by the far right is unsurprising), in consideration of rising animosity towards his ethno-religious identity. This came to a breaking point when he resigned, thus reverting from the acquired status of a career in the service of the state, to private bourgeoisie: this was happening in the first decade of full independence, when Jewish civil servants were being dismissed in their droves, after having been co-opted into the process of nation-building, owing to their educational qualifications giving them for a while an advantage. This study contributes novel data and facets that enable a fairly novel, and certainly more nuanced view of intercommunal relations in Iraq from late Ottoman times throughout the Hashemite monarchy (and beyond).

Several Characterizations on Degree-Based Topological Indices for Star of David Network

In order to make quantitative structure-movement/property/danger relations, topological indices (TIs) are the numbers that are related to subatomic graphs. Some fundamental physicochemical properties of chemical compounds, such as breaking point, protection, and strain vitality, correspond to these TIs. In the compound graph hypothesis, the concept of TIs was developed in view of the degree of vertices. In investigating minimizing exercises of Star of David, these indices are useful. In this study, we explore the different types of Zagreb indices, Randić indices, atom-bond connectivity indices, redefined Zagreb indices, and geometric-arithmetic index for the Star of David. The edge partitions of this network are tabled based on the sum of degrees-of-end vertices and the sum of degree-based edges. To produce closed formulas for some degree-based network TIs, these edge partitions are employed.

From Galileo to Navier and Clapeyron

Galileo (1564-1642), in his well-known Discorsi (Galileo, 1638), briefly turning his attention to the fracture of a beam, starts an interesting discussion on the beam’s breakage as well as its location. Could the section and breaking point of a beam have been determined beforehand? Furthermore, is it specific to the material? What Galileo did was not merely challenge a physics problem, but the prevailing knowledge of his time: namely, Aristotelianism on one hand, and Nominalism on the other. As a matter of fact, must the breakage of an element be treated as a universal or is it particular to a given material? The present essay aims to prove how Galileo, confronting the structural problem and bringing it into the realm of science, was not just raising a problem but, using Salviati’s words, he also established what actually takes place. Many years later, with the progress of physics, strength of materials and theory of structures, figures such as Claude Navier (1785-1836) and Benoît Clapeyron (1799-1864) confirmed once again that the Pisan turned out to be right. This article intends to combine technical fields such as strength of materials and theory of structures with others like the history of science and philosophy proper. A cooperative approach to these disciplines can be doubtlessly helpful to improve the knowledge, learning and teaching of their different curricula, giving the reader a global, holistic perspective.

Healthcare performance

Purpose: This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design: This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings: The global healthcare system has been strained to breaking point by COVID-19, but it has also driven innovation that may have lasting positive effects. Originality: The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Opera against the Odds

Until 1864, provincial opera operated within a Napoleonic system designed to ensure hierarchically ordered provision for large and smaller towns nationwide and in the colonies. Discussion of how the system worked, how it was funded, how it served indirectly to erase regional difference, and how raw material from Paris (Grand Opera and the voice types it required) became too expensive, helps explain why the system was already at a breaking point by the 1830s, catalyzing heated local and local–national debates. The significance of provincial opera’s travails, its competitors in the entertainment sector from café-concert to radio, and the importance of two regional triumphs—Wagner and open-air opera—become clear in the light of this Paris-generated organizational history. Considerations of decentralization shift at this point to those of the tensions between genre of “national opera” and the centrifugal forces of cultural regionalism (with its attendant identitarian concerns), using the nature and significance of operatic “local color” as a test bed.