Global Ocean Governance and Ecological Civilization: Building a Sustainable Ocean Economy for China

The importance of the sea in the current era of globalization has called all countries for managing their interests at sea as well as their common concern collectively, cooperatively and inclusively. By looking at the notions of the sea as a medium of connectivity and sea as a resource coupled with its vulnerability particularly in Indian and Pacific Oceans, Indo-Pacific maritime cooperation towards global ocean governance accordingly are vital to the international stability, a successful of sea-based trading system and sustainability use of the oceans. Therefore this article discusses the rationale of Indo-Pacific Maritime Cooperation, which made possible by the common concern of countries that locate between the Indian and West Pacific ocean maritime, the vulnerabilities of the region and the existence of various ASEAN’s mechanisms on Maritime Security Cooperation as well as regional regime and international law. Nevertheless, ASEAN needs to note some issues relating to its consolidation as well as the internal challenges in the realization of global maritime governance.

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12 The IMO: The Role of the Classification Societies in Promoting Global Ocean Governance

10.1093/law/9780198823957.003.0012 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Delgado Ismael Cobos

Keyword(s):

International Organizations ◽

International Association ◽

Active Participation ◽

International Maritime Organization ◽

Global Ocean ◽

Member States ◽

Ocean Governance

This chapter discusses the role of classification societies in their capacity as recognized organizations (ROs) acting on behalf of maritime administrations to ensure that ships, old and new, meet their obligations under International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations and standards. Another aspect of the role of classification societies is to ensure that ships are designed, constructed, and maintained in compliance with the standards set by the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS). The chapter helps to that the IMO acting alone cannot provide all the answers to all of the issues regarding ocean governance. After all, the Organization relies heavily on the active participation not only of its Member States but also on those intergovernmental international organizations (IGOs) and non-governmental international organizations (NGOs) that are affiliated to it. In many situations, they have the specialized expertise and experience required to ensure that whatever regulations are adopted by the IMO are practicable.

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Part V Regional Perspectives on Global Ocean Governance, 13 The Latin American Perspective on Global Ocean Governance

10.1093/law/9780198824152.003.0013 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Oyarce Ximena Hinrichs

Keyword(s):

United Nations ◽

Latin American ◽

Dispute Settlement ◽

Global Ocean ◽

American Perspective ◽

Ocean Governance ◽

American States ◽

American Interest ◽

General Compliance ◽

Acting In Concert

This chapter examines issues of global ocean governance from a Latin American perspective and how the region may contribute in assisting the United Nations to deal with ocean governance issues at a global level in the coming years. It begins with a discussion of the role played by several Latin American States acting in concert during the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III), 1973–1982 to make extended maritime jurisdiction claims. It then considers the main reasons for the Latin American interest in extending their maritime jurisdiction limits, in the form of fisheries, offshore hydrocarbon development, and shipping. It suggests that Latin America has a slightly patchy record of official adherence to UNCLOS, but paints a picture of general compliance by the continent with the normative regime established by the Convention, in particular for its dispute settlement regime.

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Part II Commercial Aspects of the Marine Environment, 6 The Work of the International Monetary Fund and Its Possible Relevance to Global Ocean Governance

10.1093/law/9780198823964.003.0006 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Doussis Emmanuella

Keyword(s):

International Monetary Fund ◽

Technical Assistance ◽

Institutional Development ◽

Global Ocean ◽

International Agencies ◽

Ocean Governance ◽

History Of ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

The International Monetary Fund ◽

The Imf

This chapter discusses the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in global ocean governance. It first traces the history of the IMF, from its inception at Bretton Woods in 1944 to the late 1970s and beyond, and highlights the factors that have influenced its institutional development as well as its current institutional profile. It then describes the IMF’s membership, structure, main functions, and decision-making processes before analysing the possible input of the Fund to matters related to ocean governance. In particular, it considers the ways in which the IMF is involved in global ocean governance through its three main functions: economic surveillance, lending, and capacity building. Although the Fund has no direct relevance to global ocean governance, the chapter shows that the IMF may contribute to its improvement by providing technical assistance and policy advice, as well as a better interaction with other, more competent, international agencies.

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Part V Regional Perspectives on Global Ocean Governance, 16 The Role of the World Ocean Council and the Ocean Business Community in Global Ocean Governance

10.1093/law/9780198824152.003.0016 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Holthus Paul

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development Goals ◽

World Ocean ◽

Institutional Development ◽

Business Community ◽

Global Ocean ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Ocean Governance ◽

The World ◽

Development Goals

This chapter discusses the role of the World Ocean Council (WOC) and the international ocean business community in global ocean governance (GOG). It first provides an overview of the institutional development and profile of the WOC before considering the work and role and work of the WOC on ocean governance with and for the ocean business community. It then examines the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in relation to ocean business and the WOC, as well as the size, complexity trends in the ocean economy and ocean business community, which are fundamental to understanding their importance to GOG. It also analyses GOG issues relevant to the ocean business community and WOC that the United Nations and its associated bodies must address and concludes with an assessment of the role of the ocean business community and WOC in the future of the GOG agenda.

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Part III Marine Biodiversity Conservation and Global Ocean Governance, 8 Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Securing a Sound Law of the Sea Instrument

10.1093/law/9780198824152.003.0008 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Millicay Fernanda

Keyword(s):

Biological Diversity ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Global Ocean ◽

Law Of The Sea ◽

Marine Biodiversity ◽

Ocean Governance ◽

Preparatory Committee ◽

National Jurisdiction ◽

Un General Assembly ◽

United Nations Convention

This chapter examines the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). It first provides an overview of the Preparatory Committee (PrepCom), convened by the UN General Assembly to make recommendations on the elements for a possible future multilateral agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The material scope of the PrepCom is constituted by ‘the package’ agreed upon in 2011 and includes the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction. The chapter discusses the challenges of the package, focusing on two interlinked dimensions of the package plus the big issue that underlies it. It also considers two main tasks facing PrepCom: the first is to clearly identify all elements of each substantive set of issues composing the package, and the second task is to understand the implications of each element of these three substantive sets of issues and the inter-linkages between them.

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Part I Marine Living Resources and Marine Biodiversity, 2 The Work of the UNESCO-IOC in Respect of Global Ocean Governance

10.1093/law/9780198823964.003.0002 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Ehlers Peter

Keyword(s):

Capacity Building ◽

International Organizations ◽

Global Ocean ◽

Law Of The Sea ◽

Marine Biodiversity ◽

Organisational Structure ◽

Ocean Governance ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

United Nations Convention ◽

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission

This chapter focuses on the work of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), a separate unit of UNESCO, in respect to global ocean governance. The functions of IOC are part of the system of ocean governance, based on 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Its purpose is to promote international cooperation and to coordinate programmes in research, services and capacity building, in order to learn more about the nature and resources of the ocean and coastal areas and to apply that knowledge for the improvement of management, sustainable development, the protection of the marine environment, and the decision-making processes of its Member States. The chapter first provides an overview of IOC’s purpose and organisational structure, its collaboration with international organizations with regard to ocean governance, and its ocean governance-related activities before discussing the ways in which it contributes to capacity building and enhancing ocean governance.

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