Legal regulation of rational energy production and consumption in Russia and other states

The authors of the article analyze the problems of legal regulation of rational subsoil use and energy consumption in Russia, Germany, USA, Japan and other countries. It also compares the energy legislation of different countries. Based on the results, it was concluded that the development of the legislation of these countries is in general compliance with the strategic goals in the field of energy production and consumption. These goals are the construction of ecologically clean "green" energy based on the rational use of mineral resources and minerals and the rational and efficient distribution of energy.

Antitrust compliance: system standardization issues

The article examines the etymology and prehistory of the introduction of the institution of antimonopoly compliance in Russian business practice, the relationship of this institution with the institution of general compliance. The article considers the definition of the concept of antimonopoly compliance, enshrined in the new article 91 of the Federal Law "On Protection of Competition".The authors propose their own definition of the concept of antimonopoly compliance as an activity of an economic entity aimed at ensuring compliance with antimonopoly legislation by employees of an economic entity and an economic entity as a whole by preventing and suppressing violations of the requirements of such legislation and regulatory legal and law enforcement acts based on it.The authors also substantiate the advisability of developing a special national standard GOST R "System of internal compliance with the requirements of antimonopoly legislation (antimonopoly compliance system) of an economic entity".It is noted that the effectiveness of the antimonopoly compliance system will depend not only on the ability of an economic entity to form an antimonopoly compliance system on the basis of an appropriate national standard, but also on the state's ability to determine and guarantee effective incentives to comply with antimonopoly legislation.The authors substantiate the advisability of supplementing the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation with provisions that provide for the obligation and limits to reduce the amount of punishment or replace the punishment with a softer one in the event of an anticompetitive administrative offense by a person who has implemented an effective system of antimonopoly compliance.

Do University Students Adhere to WHO Guidelines on Proper Use of Face Masks during the COVID-19 Pandemic?—Analysis and Comparison of Medical and Non-Medical Students

Covering the mouth and nose has become the common standard for protection from human-to-human virus transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study was to investigate whether students at universities (medical and non-medical students) do adhere to WHO recommendations on the proper use of face protection. The study was based on the survey created with Google® Forms regarding data on demographics and self-reported skin conditions. The main questions addressed the WHO guideline on the correct use of face masks. Responses were obtained from 1173 students. Compliance with all WHO criteria among the whole group of respondents was very low at less than 1% with no significant difference between medical and non-medical students. Covering of the nose and mouth with the face mask was the criterion most commonly complied with (81.2%); contact avoidance of touching the mask with hands appeared to be the most difficult criterion to comply with (2.8%). Medical students were significantly more compliant with three out of seven criteria. In general, compliance with the WHO guidelines on the proper use of face masks was dramatically low among all the students. Education campaigns should be introduced to increase the awareness of the correct use of face coverings during the viral pandemic.

Facial Protection to Prevent Facial Trauma and Allow for Optimal Protection after Facial Fracture Repair

Facial skeletal fractures continue to affect humankind, and many methods to alleviate and prevent the injuries outright have been sought after. Prevention is desired, but the implementation and general compliance may contribute to missed opportunities to decrease the burden of facial skeletal trauma. In this article, we explore the preventative as well as postoperative options for the protection of the facial skeleton.

Pill-Swallowing Training in Very Young Children With Cancer: A Case Series and Developmental Considerations

Pill-swallowing training (PST) is a promising behavioral intervention. However, previous studies of PST have largely reported outcomes only in children aged 6 years and older. In the pediatric oncology setting, younger children may benefit from learning to swallow pills, with motivators such as avoiding bad-tasting liquid medications, simplifying oral medication routines, and accessing trials for patients with poor prognoses. Here, we briefly describe the standard PST intervention protocol and report success with very young patients experiencing a variety of medical, emotional, behavioral, and developmental complications. The current case series illustrates the utility of traditional behavioral PST interventions with novel supplements, such as intervention to increase general compliance or decrease anxiety, in four young children with cancer. These cases highlight the effectiveness of PST and describe the positive impact reported by each family. Developmental considerations for using PST with young children with cancer are offered.

When behavioural science can make a difference in times of COVID-19

In a large study that involved 2637 participants recruited from a representative UK and US sample, we tested the influence of four behavioural interventions (versus control) on a range of behaviours important for reducing the spread of COVID-19 a day after the interventions were administered. Even if people largely complied with social distancing measures, our analyses showed that for certain subgroups of the population the interventions made a positive difference. More specifically, for those who started practising social distancing relatively recently, an information-based intervention increased general compliance with social distancing and reduced both the number of times people went out and the number of hours they spent outside. However, for people who started practising social distancing relatively early, the interventions tended to backfire and, in some cases, reduced compliance with social distancing. Overall, this research has various policy implications and shows that, although behavioural interventions can positively impact compliance with social distancing, their effect may depend on personal circumstances.

Connecting extensive reading to TOEIC performance

Although Extensive Reading (ER) has been shown to increase reading fluency and comprehension, such benefits are generally slow to appear. The present study investigated the possible contribution of ER to single-semester Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC) reading gains. The participants were 497 first-year students from two annual cohorts at a tertiary institution in Japan. All took a preliminary TOEIC before enrolling in the online ER system Xreading, which awarded them a word count for successfully completing a short quiz on each book they read for homework. Hierarchical linear regression analyses of end-of-semester ER words read and TOEIC reading scores showed a consistent positive relationship between the two. However, semester increases in the former were not reflected by proportional gains in the latter, a finding possibly explained by greater consistency in ER’s implementation across course sections over time. In short, ER words read might in fact be a proxy for general compliance in homework completion rather than a direct cause of TOEIC reading score improvement.

O soberana luz: a spiritual madrigal and a Mass for Philip IV, monarch of the Hispanic kingdoms

The polyphonic models for five of the six imitation or parody Masses published by the Portuguese composer Filipe de Magalhães in his Missarum liber (Lisbon, 1636) are well known. However, for the sixth, O soberana luz, only tentative musical or contextual connections with works by other composers have been suggested, none of which satisfy the criteria for them to be considered as a model. In this article, I reveal that the homonymous spiritual madrigal by Stefano Limido is undoubtedly the piece that Magalhães used as the basis for his Mass. In addition, Magalhães’s general compliance with Pedro Cerone’s theoretical recommendations of 1613 for compositions of this type is demonstrated. In light of this information, new ideas are put forward—and previous ones re-evaluated—about the creative context of both works in the courtly circles of Philip IV, who was at that time the absolute sovereign of the Iberian Peninsula. An edition of the previously unpublished madrigal by Limido is included in the Appendix.