Public Administration Education in Turkey

There were public administration schools in Turkish administrative history. For example, in Seljuks Empire times, this school was called Nizamiye Madrasah, and administrators were trained there. Another example is the professional executive class in the Ottoman Empire, and they were educated in Enderun, a unique public administration school in Sultan's Palace. In the 19th century, Turkish public administration was influenced by the Western model, and Mekteb-i Mülkiye was established in 1859. The school moved to Ankara in 1935 and was named Faculty of Political Sciences. In 1952, the Public Administration Institute of Turkey and the Middle East and the first public administration department were established with the support of the USA. Within this framework, the chapter first summarizes the historical development of public administration education in Turkey, together with institutional development. Therefore, these institutions' historical roles were examined, and the interaction between the US scholars and universities was also searched.

Impact of Institutions and Human Capital on CO2 Emissions in EU Transition Economies

Environmental degradation is one of the most significant problems of the globalized world. This paper explores the impact of institutional development and human capital on CO2 emissions in 11 EU transition economies over the period of 2000–2018 through co-integration analysis. The co-integration analysis revealed that human capital negatively affected CO2 emissions in Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovenia, and that institutions had a negative impact on CO2 emissions in the Czech Republic. However, both institutions and human capital positively affected CO2 emissions in Latvia and Lithuania.

Institutional development of child care in armenia: structural-organizational, or value-systemic approach?

Discussions on the transformation of social issues, particularly the lack of a viable approach to responding to the shortcomings of family care, from the Soviet era are still relevant thirty years later. In particular, education, care and protection of children in institutions and to accommodate changing practices used in the process of forming a latent attitude system based on children's rights, non-formal resistance discussion interesting to understand what potential they have undertaken an organizational structural transformation of values desired to bring about change. Will these transformations be able to influence the changing practices of helping children in need outside of the family environment something that continues to be the subject of unspoken agreement between the three parent-decision-making parties today, ignoring children's rights and interests?

9. European Union agencies:

The institutional development of EU agencies is striking. Over the past decades, forty-six EU agencies have been established to support the European Commission and member states in their regulatory and executive tasks. Today, EU agencies are a vital part of the EU’s administrative capacity. EU agencies have received considerable scholarly attention that used a myriad of theoretical approaches—ranging from institutional, organizational, and bureaucratic reputation to interest-group theories—to explain why EU agencies have been created; how they develop over time; whether they are wielders of supranational or intergovernmental power; how they legitimize themselves and cultivate a positive bureaucratic reputation; and how they form alliances or insulate themselves from specific stakeholders. This chapter reviews the rise of EU agencies and introduces a selection of theoretical perspectives that have been used by EU agency scholars to study EU-level agencification and EU agency behaviour, regulatory processes, and outputs.

Problems and Major risks in the Banking Sector of Azerbaijan

Aim. The presented study aims to perform a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of problems and risks in the banking sector of Azerbaijan and to develop recommendations for improving the efficiency and reliability of its functioning in accordance with national interests.Tasks. The author shows the key problems and risks in the country’s banking sector, focusing on dollarization as the main risk; investigates the content and causes of dollarization; examines new trends, particularly the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the banking sector of Azerbaijan.Methods. A systems approach to identifying the major factors affecting the development of the banking sector in Azerbaijan serves as the methodological basis of this study. The author also uses the methods of scientific analysis, such as the statistical method, comparative, fundamental, and functional analysis, and expert assessment. The study reflects the ideas set forth in the scientific works of economists on the problems of the institutional development of the banking system in the country under consideration.Results. According to the results of the study, the patterns and current problems in the development of the banking sector of Azerbaijan after the devaluation of 2015 are identified. Its major risks and current state are analyzed, and the reasons for the dollarization of the economy as the main channel of risk for the banking sector of Azerbaijan are determined. In addition, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on this sector is analyzed.Conclusions. Positive and negative aspects are identified by performing a risk analysis of the banking sector of Azerbaijan. On the positive side, there are large strategic monetary reserves, a relatively low level of public debt, a single authority for regulating and supervising financial markets, basic risk management elements, and full deposit insurance. The vulnerabilities of the banking sector of Azerbaijan include fragile capital positions of the banking system, high credit risks of banks, low capitalization of banks, lack of legal mechanisms for regulating and selling non-performing assets, lack of effective tools for the rehabilitation and restructuring of banks, weak corporate governance in the financial services sector, low financial literacy, increased monetary and credit risks in the banking sector.

Differentiation of Stakeholders' Impact on Ecosystem Institutions

This study aims to determine the differentiation of the impact of stakeholders on the institutional configuration of the microeconomic ecosystem. The object of this study was the stakeholders of the microeconomic ecosystem. The study scope is the economic relations between the subjects of economic activity on the impact on the formation and institutional development of the microeconomic ecosystem. The analysis of previous studies is carried out, and the main stakeholders of microeconomic ecosystems are identified. These include public organizations, consumers, suppliers, competitors, educational and scientific organizations, government authorities, and social media. The method of PEST analysis of the factors of the company's microenvironment identifies social, technological, economic, political and cultural institutions of the company's external environment. Based on the analysis of the results of published scientific research, various levels of influence (strong, medium, weak) of the main stakeholders on the institutional configuration of the microeconomic ecosystem are determined. It is shown that the uneven importance of stakeholders in the formation of the institutional configuration of the microeconomic ecosystem can be the basis for the development of strategic plans for the development of ecosystems.

Introduction: The Then and Now of Political Science Institutionalisation in Europe—A Research Agenda and Its Endeavour

The introductory chapter introduces the research project that the book’s chapters are built upon and identifies key questions that are addressed within the book’s thematic frame. The COST Action ‘ProSEPS’ project (Professionalization and Social Impact of European Political Science) collected updated information about the situation of the political science profession in Europe. Despite the widely acknowledged process of continental integration driven by the European Union (EU), the academic landscape has been and still is characterised by a great variety of traditions, institutions and resources. On this basis, this chapter explains that institutional development has been chosen as the major focus that could possibly introduce as well as explain the sources of this variety. It identifies the empirical, theoretical and comparative issues at stake and introduces the cases covered in the book and its structure.

Digitalization of the monetary-credit system: institutional and regulative aspects

Objective: to consider the institutional and regulatory aspects of digitalization, to reveal the institutional features of the digital monetary-credit system, to classify the digitalization models, to describe the phenomenon of the central bank digital currencies, to consider the main trends in the regulation development, and to propose improvements in the monetary systems regulation.Methods: methods of systematization, classification, analysis and synthesis were used in the work.Results: it was shown that the monetary systems digitalization is characterized by signifi changes not only in the organizational and technological aspects, but also in the institutional and regulatory ones. They affect both the functioning features of the monetary system subjects and the methods of conducting operations, as well as the role and tasks of the financial regulators. It is marked that the monetary system long-term institutional development is characterized by the formation of a new digital investment and finance space, which is expressed in the change in the transaction costs structure, the formation of new institutional qualities of the monetary system, the emergence of new types of risks, the transformation of the existing and emergence of new players, due to the active introduction of digital financial technologies. The influence of digital transformation models on changes in the regulatory environment is analyzed, which implies a change in both approaches to regulating the activities of financial service providers and the role of regulators. The main models of monetary systems regulation are also analyzed.Scientific novelty: consists in identifying and systematizing the main institutional aspects of digital currencies development and determining the digital image of the financial and credit sector of the economy. As a result of the study, the main measures aimed at managing the process of monetary systems digitalization are formulated.Practical significance: the main proposals based on the study results can be used by financial regulators in the development of measures for the financial market development and the monetary system digitalization; systematization of regulatory models and digitalization models can be used by higher educational institutions to design the appropriate programs for retraining and advanced training of specialists in the field of finance.

Analysis on Adoption of Blackgram Growers in Periyar vaigai Command Area of Madurai District

The IAM Project will bring the policy and institutional development achieved under IAMWARM project to a new level and will serve as the key vehicle for implementing the Tamil Nadu Government agenda in further enhancing water and agriculture productivity in a sub basin framework. Madurai District of Tamil Nadu was purposively selected for this study because Tamil Nadu Irrigated Agriculture Modernization Project was conducted under Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. The foremost objective of the study was to assess the adoption level of respondents in study area. Majority of the TN-IAMP beneficiaries (81.70% had medium level of adoption followed by nearly less than one-sixth of the total beneficiaries (15.80%) possess low adoption and only 2.5% of the beneficiaries had high level of adoption rate in this study.