Gastric Epithelial Dysplasia: Grading, Significance in Endoscopic Biopsy, Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations

Summary Aim: With the recent advances in multidetector-row CT, a fusion of functional PET with three dimensional (3D) CT gastrography may provide enhanced diagnostic capability and help surgeons during preoperative planning. The diagnostic value of hybrid PET/CT gastrography was compared with that of conventional PET/CT alone in gastric cancer staging. Patients, methods: Patients with gastric cancer (n = 101) confirmed by endoscopic biopsy specimens underwent conventional PET/CT and regional PET with contrast enhanced CT, followed by gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy at our institution from November 2007 to November 2008. These images were fused into a hybrid PET/CT gastrography using the cardiac IQ fusion software. Conventional PET/CT and hybrid PET/ CT gastrography were evaluated for staging of gastric cancer. After gastrectomy, these were compared with pathologic reports respectively. Results: Gastric cancer was diagnosed as 50 early gastric cancer (EGC) and 51 advanced gastric cancer (AGC) on pathologic examination. In EGC, hybrid PET/CT gastrography and PET/CT identified 36 (72%) and 7 (14%) tumours, respectively. Hybrid PET/CT gastrography correctly delineated the subtype of 25 EGC. In AGC, all 51 (100%) tumours were identified on the hybrid PET/CT gastrography compared to 39 (76.5%) tumours on PET/CT. Hybrid PET/CT gastrography correctly classified the morphology of 42 AGC using the Bormann classification. Additionally, depth of invasion was correctly presented in 38 of 51 AGC. Hybrid PET/CT gastrography for regional lymph node (LN) metastasis in the EGC and AGC showed the sensitivity of 75% and 83.9%, and specificity 90.5% and 55%, respectively. Conclusion: Hybrid PET/CT gastrography is the more intuitive and comprehensive method for the preoperative evaluation of gastric cancer than conventional PET/CT.

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Epigenetic alterations in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated gastric carcinoma: a lesson in contrasts

Journal of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽

10.15383/jnpc.9 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Niller Hans-Helmut ◽

◽

Banati Ferenc ◽

Minarovits Janos ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽

Gastric Carcinoma ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Epigenetic Alterations ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Epstein Barr

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EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE

Clinical & Investigative Medicine ◽

10.25011/cim.v31i4.4804 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Manda Ghahremani ◽

Courtney W Hannah ◽

Maria Peneherrera ◽

Karla L Bretherick ◽

Margo R Fluker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Premature Ovarian Failure ◽

Promoter Region ◽

Gene Promoter ◽

Ovarian Failure ◽

P Value ◽

Epigenetic Alterations ◽

Methylation Array ◽

Cpg Sites ◽

Deficient Mice

Background/Purpose: Premature ovarian failure (POF) affects 1% of women with a largely idiopathic and poorly understood etiology. The objective of this study was to identify specific epigenetic alterations by measuring DNA methylation of gene regulatory regions in women with POF vs. controls. Methods: Blood samples were collected from idiopathic POFpatients (Amenorrhea for at least 3 months and 2 serum FSH levels of > 40mIU/ml obtained > 1 month apart prior to age 40) and control women (CW) (healthy pregnancy after age 37 with out a pregnancy loss). Genomic DNA was extracted from EDTA anticoagulated blood and bisulfite converted for analysis using the Illumina Golden Gate Methylation Panel which measures DNA methylation at 1506 CpG sites in the promoter regions of 807 genes in 10 POF and 12 CW. Candidate genes with altered epigenetic marks between POF and CW at a nominal P-value < 0.05 were identified using a t-testcomparison within the Illumina bead studio software. Genes of interest were further analyzed for quantitative methylation at specific CpG sites using pyrosequencing in 30 POF and 30 CW. Results: Comparison of DNA methylation profiles of our initial POF and CW groups identified several genes with statistically significanthyper- or hypo- methylation in the POF group (P < 0.05), including the Androgen Receptor (AR)promoter region, which was significantly hypermethylated. To further validate these results, DNA methylation of the AR gene promoter was quantified bypryosequencing in a larger group of POF and CW. Pyrosequencing further confirmed a significantly higher DNA methylation of the AR promoter region inPOF vs. CW (P=0.007). Conclusions: This is a novel study identifying epigenetic alterations in POF. The hypermethylation of the AR gene in POF patients may cause decreased level of the AR in these women. This is especially interesting given a recent report of induced POF in AR deficient mice^1. Specific epigenetic markers, as identified by DNA methylation array profiling in blood, may serve as useful biomarkers for POF and other fertility disorders. However, it will need to be determined if these methylation changes are present prior to diagnosis, or are a consequence of menopause itself. Reference: 1.Hiroko S. et al. Premature ovarian failure in androgenreceptor deficient mice. PNAS;103:224-9

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HER2 OVEREXPRESSION IN ENDOSCOPIC BIOPSY SAMPLE OF GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2012.5.14 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 109-118

Author(s):

Viet Nho Le ◽

Van Huy Tran ◽

Cong Thuan Dang ◽

Van To Ta

Keyword(s):

Gastric Adenocarcinoma ◽

Undifferentiated Carcinoma ◽

Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma ◽

Signet Ring Cell ◽

Endoscopic Biopsy ◽

Her2 Overexpression ◽

Tubular Adenocarcinoma ◽

Signet Ring ◽

Poorly Differentiated ◽

Well Differentiated

Background and aim: HER2 overexpression by immunohistochemistry is a prognostic maker in gastric cancer and helps to select candidates benefitted from targeted therapy with trastuzumab. This study is aimed at the assessing HER2 overexpression and its relationship with endoscopic and histopathological findings of gastric adenocarcinoma. Objectives and methods: Biopsy samples from 92 gastric cancer patients were examined for HER2 status by immunohistochemical staining. Results: 6.5% of tumors were cardia tumors and 93.5% were non-cardia tumors. Using the Lauren classification, 51.1% were intestinal type and 48.9% were diffuse type. Using WHO classification, 54.3% were tubular adenocarcinoma, 7.6% were mucinous adenocarcinoma, 15.2% were signet-ring cell carcinoma, and 22.8% were undifferentiated carcinoma. 32.6% were well-differentiated, 15.2% were moderately-differentiated, and 52.2% were poorly-differentiated carcinoma. HER2 was positive in 20.7% of gastric carcinomas, 50% cardia tumors and 18.6% non-cardia tumors. HER2 positivity among polypoid, fungating, ulcerated, and infiltrative types were 38.5%, 29.7%, 9.1% and 0%, respectively. HER2 overexpression in intestinal type was higher than that in diffuse type (31.9% vs. 8.9%, p = 0.009). HER2 overexpression in tubular adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, signet-ring cell carcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma was 28.0%, 14.3%, 7.1% and 14.3%, respectively. HER2 overexpressions were different between differentiation degrees: 30% of well-differentiated tumors, 35.7% moderately-differentiated tumors, and 10.4% of poorly-differentiated tumors (p = 0.037). Conclusions: HER2 overexpression was found in 20.7% of endoscopic biopsy sample of gastric adenocarcinoma and was associated with endoscopic gross characteristic, Lauren histologic type and differentiation degree.

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