The reorganization of subcellular structure in muscle undergoing fast-to-slow type transformation

Gene expression is one of the main factors to influence meat quality by modulating fatty acid metabolism, composition, and deposition rates in muscle tissue. This study aimed to explore the transcriptomics of the Longissimus lumborum muscle in two local pig breeds with distinct genetic background using next-generation sequencing technology and Real-Time qPCR. RNA-seq yielded 49 differentially expressed genes between breeds, 34 overexpressed in the Alentejano (AL) and 15 in the Bísaro (BI) breed. Specific slow type myosin heavy chain components were associated with AL (MYH7) and BI (MYH3) pigs, while an overexpression of MAP3K14 in AL may be associated with their lower loin proportion, induced insulin resistance, and increased inflammatory response via NFkB activation. Overexpression of RUFY1 in AL pigs may explain the higher intramuscular (IMF) content via higher GLUT4 recruitment and consequently higher glucose uptake that can be stored as fat. Several candidate genes for lipid metabolism, excluded in the RNA-seq analysis due to low counts, such as ACLY, ADIPOQ, ELOVL6, LEP and ME1 were identified by qPCR as main gene factors defining the processes that influence meat composition and quality. These results agree with the fatter profile of the AL pig breed and adiponectin resistance can be postulated as responsible for the overexpression of MAP3K14′s coding product NIK, failing to restore insulin sensitivity.

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A Sponge-like Structure Involved in the Association and Transport of Maternal Products during Drosophila Oogenesis

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.139.3.817 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 139 (3) ◽

pp. 817-829 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

Michaela Wilsch-Bräuninger ◽

Heinz Schwarz ◽

Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard

Keyword(s):

Xenopus Oocytes ◽

Polar Granule ◽

Rna Localization ◽

Drosophila Embryo ◽

Fibrillar Structure ◽

Subcellular Structure ◽

Cytoplasmic Bridges ◽

Dense Mass ◽

Mitochondrial Cloud ◽

Surrounding Membrane

Localization of maternally provided RNAs during oogenesis is required for formation of the antero–posterior axis of the Drosophila embryo. Here we describe a subcellular structure in nurse cells and oocytes which may function as an intracellular compartment for assembly and transport of maternal products involved in RNA localization. This structure, which we have termed “sponge body,” consists of ER-like cisternae, embedded in an amorphous electron-dense mass. It lacks a surrounding membrane and is frequently associated with mitochondria. The sponge bodies are not identical to the Golgi complexes. We suggest that the sponge bodies are homologous to the mitochondrial cloud in Xenopus oocytes, a granulo-fibrillar structure that contains RNAs involved in patterning of the embryo. Exuperantia protein, the earliest factor known to be required for the localization of bicoid mRNA to the anterior pole of the Drosophila oocyte, is highly enriched in the sponge bodies but not an essential structural component of these. RNA staining indicates that sponge bodies contain RNA. However, neither the intensity of this staining nor the accumulation of Exuperantia in the sponge bodies is dependent on the amount of bicoid mRNA present in the ovaries. Sponge bodies surround nuage, a possible polar granule precursor. Microtubules and microfilaments are not present in sponge bodies, although transport of the sponge bodies through the cells is implied by their presence in cytoplasmic bridges. We propose that the sponge bodies are structures that, by assembly and transport of included molecules or associated structures, are involved in localization of mRNAs in Drosophila oocytes.

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On some integrable lattice related by the Miura-type transformation to the Itoh–Narita–Bogoyavlenskii lattice

Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical ◽

10.1088/1751-8113/44/46/465210 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 44 (46) ◽

pp. 465210 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andrei K Svinin

Keyword(s):

Type Transformation ◽

Integrable Lattice

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Traction forces and subcellular structure imaged in contracting and locomoting cells

10.1117/12.307107 ◽

1998 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin Burton

Keyword(s):

Subcellular Structure ◽

Traction Forces

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THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PNEUMOCOCCUS INFECTION

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.53.4.535 ◽

1931 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 535-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Leslie T. Webster ◽

Thomas P. Hughes

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variation ◽

Host Resistance ◽

The Other ◽

Colony Morphology ◽

Type Transformation ◽

Wide Ph Range ◽

Adults And Children ◽

Nasal Passages ◽

Ph Range

1. Pneumococci were obtained at one time or another from the nasal passages or throats of 80 per cent of 105 adults and children studied. In adults, they were obtained more frequently from the throat; in children, as often from the nasal passages as from the throat. 2. Of 500 pneumococcus strains studied, 97 per cent proved to be serologically specific. They formed smooth colonies and were for the most part avirulent for mice. Types I and II were obtained from one and two individuals respectively on one occasion only. Type III was obtained from nine individuals; Type XIII from nine individuals; Type XVI and Type XVIII from three individuals, for varying periods in each case. Atypical pneumococci were secured from 13 persons on single and scattered occasions. They varied in colony morphology, did not kill mice, or agglutinate in saline, but flocculated in all types of antipneumococcus sera employed and over a wide pH range in acid buffers. Their occurrence was apparently not associated with any type-transformation or virulence-enhancement process in vivo. 3. Strains of pneumococcus obtained on successive cultures from a given carrier were, with rare exceptions, of the same serological type and were similar in colony morphology, virulence for mice, and other tested biological characteristics. 4. Pneumococci of Types I and II were obtained under conditions suggestive that they lacked a capacity to spread readily; pneumococci of Types III and XIII, on the other hand, were obtained under conditions suggestive that they were spreading from person to person. 5. The persons studied differed consistently with respect to the occurrence of pneumococci. Some were pneumococcus-free, some were transient carriers, some periodic, and some chronic carriers. Data are given which suggest that the differences were due to variations in host resistance. 6. The incidence of pneumococci in all individuals studied underwent a seasonal variation paralleling that of coryza and sore throats in the same persons.

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