Organization of corneal afferent axons in the trigeminal nerve root entry zone in the cat

1987 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Morgan ◽  
P.J. Jannetta ◽  
W.C. deGroat
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Entry Zone ◽  
Root Entry Zone ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve Root

Primary glioblastoma of the trigeminal nerve root entry zone: case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Breshears ◽  
Michael E. Ivan ◽  
Jennifer A. Cotter ◽  
Andrew W. Bollen ◽  
Phillip V. Theodosopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Entry Zone ◽  
Primary Glioblastoma ◽  
Root Entry Zone ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve Root ◽  
Facial Numbness ◽  
Symptom Progression

Gliomas of the cranial nerve root entry zone are rare clinical entities. There have been 11 reported cases in the literature, including only 2 glioblastomas. The authors report the case of a 67-year-old man who presented with isolated facial numbness and was found to have a glioblastoma involving the trigeminal nerve root entry zone. After biopsy the patient completed treatment with conformal radiation and concomitant temozolomide, and at 23 weeks after surgery he demonstrated symptom progression despite the treatment described. This is the first reported case of a glioblastoma of the trigeminal nerve root entry zone.

scholarly journals Basilar artery dolichoectasia an unusual and rare cause of secondary trigeminal neuralgia: a clinical report

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafar Ali Khan Ali Khan ◽  
Shammas Raza Khan Raza Khan ◽  
Tariq Mehmood ◽  
Chaudhary Umar Asghar ◽  
Naseer Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve ◽  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Clinical Report ◽  
Entry Zone ◽  
Root Entry Zone ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve Root ◽  
Corneal Reflex

Objective: Patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia often consults a dentist for relief of their symptoms as the pain seems to be arising from teeth and allied oral structures. Basilar artery Dolichoectasia is an unusual and very rare cause of secondary Trigeminal Neuralgia as it compresses the Trigeminal nerve Root Entry Zone. Case reports: We report three cases of Trigeminal Neuralgia caused by Basilar artery Dolichoectasia compression. The corneal reflex was found absent in all three of the cases along with mild neurological deficits in one case. Multiplanar T1/T2W images through the brain disclosed an aberrant, cirsoid (S-shaped) and torturous Dolichoectasia of basilar artery offending the Trigeminal nerve Root Entry Zone. Discussion: Based on these findings we propose a protocol for general dentist for diagnosis of patients with trigeminal neuralgia and timely exclusion of secondary intracranial causes. Conclusion: General dentists and oral surgeons ought to consider this diagnosis in patients presenting with chronic facial pain especially pain mimicking neuralgia with loss of corneal reflex or other neurosensory deficit on the face along with nighttime pain episodes. Timely and accurate diagnosis and prompt referral to a concerned specialist can have an enormous impact on patient survival rate in such cases. KEYWORDS Basilar artery; Cirsoid dolichoectasia; Corneal reflex; Trigeminal neuralgia.

Trigeminal nerve root entry zone pilocytic astrocytoma in an adult: a rare case of an extraparenchymal tumor

2009 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Formica Francesco ◽  
Iacoangeli Maurizio ◽  
Chiriatti Stefano ◽  
Scarpelli Marina ◽  
Salvolini Ugo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Nerve ◽  
Pilocytic Astrocytoma ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Entry Zone ◽  
Root Entry Zone ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve Root

Trigeminal neuralgia caused by microarteriovenous malformations of the trigeminal nerve root entry zone: symptomatic relief following complete excision of the lesion with nerve root preservation

2002 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 874-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Edwards ◽  
Yvonne Clarke ◽  
Shelley A. Renowden ◽  
Hugh B. Coakham
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Posterior Fossa Surgery ◽  
Entry Zone ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Root Entry Zone ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve Root ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Within a series of 341 consecutive patients who underwent posterior fossa surgery for trigeminal neuralgia (TN), in five the cause was found to be a microarteriovenous malformation (micro-AVM) located in the region of the trigeminal nerve root entry zone (REZ). The surgical management and clinical outcomes of these cases are presented. Methods. Patients were identified from a prospectively collected database of all cases of TN treated at one institution between 1980 and 2000. Presentation was clinically indistinguishable from TN caused by vascular compression. Preoperative imaging, including computerized tomography scanning (two cases) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR angiography (three cases), failed to demonstrate an AVM except for one case in which multiple abnormal vessels were identified in the trigeminal REZ on an MR image obtained using a 1.5-tesla magnet. All patients underwent a standard retromastoid craniotomy. In all cases a small AVM embedded in the trigeminal REZ was identified and completely excised, with preservation of the trigeminal nerve. All patients experienced immediate relief of pain following surgery. Postoperatively, in one patient a small pontine hematoma developed, resulting in permanent trigeminal nerve anesthesia in the V2 and V3 divisions. All patients were free from pain at a mean follow-up period of 30 months. Conclusions. These rare lesions are usually angiographically occult, but may sometimes be identifiable on high-resolution MR images. Total microsurgical resection with nerve preservation is possible, although operative complications are relatively common, reflecting the intimate association between these lesions and the pons. Complete resection is advised not only for symptom relief, but also to eliminate the theoretical risk of pontine hemorrhage.

VARIANT INTRANEURAL VEIN-TRIGEMINAL NERVE RELATIONSHIPS

Neurosurgery ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 958-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Helbig ◽  
James D. Callahan ◽  
Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Entry Zone ◽  
Root Entry Zone ◽  
Detailed Classification ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve Root

Abstract OBJECTIVE Trigeminal neuralgia is often caused by compression, demyelination, and injury of the trigeminal nerve root entry zone by an adjacent artery and/or vein. Previously described variations of the nerve-vessel relationship note external nerve compression. We offer a detailed classification of intraneural vessels that travel through the trigeminal nerve and safe, effective surgical management. CLINICAL PRESENTATION We report 3 microvascular decompression operations for medically refractory trigeminal neuralgia during which the surgeon encountered a vein crossing through the trigeminal nerve. Two types of intraneural veins are described: type 1, in which the vein travels between the motor and sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve (1 patient), and type 2, in which the vein bisects the sensory branch (portio major) (2 patients). INTERVENTION We recommend sacrificing the intraneural vein between the motor and sensory branches if the vein is small (most likely type 1). If the intraneural vein is large and bisects the sensory branch (most likely type 2), vein mobilization can be achieved, but often requires extensive dissection through the nerve. Because this maneuver may lead to trigeminal nerve injury and result in uncomfortable neuropathy and numbness (including corneal hypoesthesia), we recommend against mobilization of the vein through the nerve, suggesting instead, consideration of a selective trigeminal nerve rhizotomy. CONCLUSION Because aggressive dissection of intraneural vessels can lead to higher than normal complication rates, preoperative knowledge of vein-trigeminal nerve variants is crucial for intraoperative success.

Microvascular relations of the trigeminal nerve

1980 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Haines ◽  
Peter J. Jannetta ◽  
David S. Zorub
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Entry Zone ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Root Entry Zone ◽  
Venous Compression ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve Root ◽  
Trigeminal Nerves ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The vascular relationships of the trigeminal nerve root entry zone were examined bilaterally in 20 cadavers of individuals known to be free of facial pain. Fourteen of 40 nerves made contact with an artery, but only four of these showed evidence of compression or distortion of the nerve. In addition, the vascular relationships of 40 trigeminal nerves exposed surgically for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia were studied, and 31 nerves showed compression by adjacent arteries. Venous compression was seen in four of the cadaver nerves and in eight nerves from patients with trigeminal neuralgia. These data support the hypothesis that arterial compression of the trigeminal nerve is associated with trigeminal neuralgia.

Vascular Transposition of the Superior Cerebellar Artery Using a Fenestrated Clip and Fibrin Glue in Trigeminal Neuralgia: 2-Dimensional Operative Video

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. E50-E51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl R Abi-Aad ◽  
Evelyn Turcotte ◽  
Devi P Patra ◽  
Matthew E Welz ◽  
Tanmoy Maiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Fibrin Glue ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Superior Cerebellar Artery ◽  
Entry Zone ◽  
Root Entry Zone ◽  
Cerebellar Artery ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve Root ◽  
Made In

Abstract This is the case of an 86-yr-old gentleman who presented with left facial pain exacerbated by eating, drinking, chewing, and shaving (distribution: V2, V3). The patient was diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia and was refractory to medications. Imaging showed a superior cerebellar artery (SCA) loop adjacent to the trigeminal nerve root entry zone and a decision to perform a microvascular decompression of the fifth nerve was presented to the patient. After patient informed consent was obtained, a standard 3 cm × 3 cm retrosigmoid craniotomy was performed with the patient in a supine head turned position and in reverse Trendelenburg. The arachnoid bands tethering the SCA to the trigeminal nerve were sharply divided. A slit was then made in the tentorium and a 3 mm fenestrated clip was then used to secure the transposed SCA away from the trigeminal nerve. The SCA proximal to this was slightly patulous in its course so a small amount of a fibrin glue was also used to secure the more proximal SCA to the tentorium. The patient was symptom-free postoperatively and no longer required medical therapy. Additionally, imaging was consistent with adequate separation of the nerve from adjacent vessels.1-5

Cavernous Malformation of the Trigeminal Nerve Manifesting with Trigeminal Neuralgia: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. E623-E623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek R. Deshmukh ◽  
Jonathan S. Hott ◽  
Peyman Tabrizi ◽  
Peter Nakaji ◽  
Iman Feiz-Erfan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Cavernous Malformation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cavernous Malformations ◽  
Entry Zone ◽  
Root Entry Zone

Abstract OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: We describe a patient with a cavernous malformation within the trigeminal nerve at the nerve root entry zone who presented with trigeminal neuralgia. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 52-year-old woman sought treatment after experiencing dizziness and lancinating left facial pain for almost a year. Neurological examination revealed diminished sensation in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve on the left. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a minimally enhancing lesion affecting the trigeminal nerve. INTERVENTION: The patient underwent a retrosigmoid craniotomy. At the nerve root entry zone, the trigeminal nerve was edematous with hemosiderin staining. The lesion, which was resected with microsurgical technique, had the appearance of a cavernous malformation on gross and histological examination. The patient's pain improved significantly after resection. CONCLUSION: Cavernous malformations can afflict the trigeminal nerve and cause trigeminal neuralgia. Microsurgical excision can be performed safely and is associated with improvement in symptoms.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical analysis of histone H3 acetylation in the trigeminal root entry zone in an animal model of trigeminal neuralgia

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 828-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren Lin ◽  
Lili Luo ◽  
Yiran Gong ◽  
Jingsheng Zheng ◽  
Shuiyue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Sham Operation Group ◽  
Root Entry Zone ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve Root ◽  
Operation Group

OBJECTIVEThe trigeminal root entry zone (TREZ) is a transitional zone between the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), adjacent to the brainstem. Microvascular compression of the TREZ has been considered to be the primary etiology in most cases of trigeminal neuralgia (TN), but whether epigenetic regulation is involved in the pathogenesis of TN is still unclear. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the epigenetic regulation of histone H3 acetylation in the TREZ in an animal model of TN.METHODSAn animal model of TN was established, and adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a TN group with trigeminal nerve root compression, sham operation group, TN+HDACi group (TN plus selective histone deacetylase inhibitor injection into the TREZ), or TN+Veh group (TN plus vehicle injection into the TREZ). To measure the length of the central portion of the TREZ from the junction of the trigeminal nerve root entering the pons to the interface of the dome-shaped CNS-PNS transitional zone, immunofluorescent staining of glia and glial nuclei was performed using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody and DAPI, respectively. To investigate the acetylation of histone H3 within the TREZ in a TN animal model group and a sham operation group, localization of histone H3K9, H3K18, and H3K27 acetylation was examined via immunohistochemical staining methods.RESULTSMeasurements of the CNS-PNS transitional zone in the TREZ revealed that the average length from the junction of the trigeminal nerve root connecting the pons to the glial fringe of the TREZ in the TN group was longer than that in the sham operation group (p < 0.05) and that the interface gradually migrated distally. Cells that stained positive for acetylated histone H3K9, H3K18, and H3K27 were distributed around both sides of the border of the CNS-PNS junction in the TREZ. The ratio of immunoreactive H3K9-, H3K18- and H3K27-positive cells in the TN group was obviously higher than that in the sham operation group on postoperative days 7, 14, 21, and 28 (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThese results suggested that chronic compression of the trigeminal nerve root may be involved in the pathogenesis of TN in an animal model by influencing the plasticity of the CNS-PNS transitional zone and the level of histone acetylation in the TREZ.

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