Immunofluorescent localization of calcitonin in the ultimobranchial gland of Rana temporaria and Rana pipiens

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Noorden ◽  
A. G. E. Pearse
Keyword(s):  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Rana Temporaria ◽  
Immunofluorescent Localization ◽  
Ultimobranchial Gland

scholarly journals Reduction of calcium inactivation of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release by fura-2 in voltage-clamped cut twitch fibers from frog muscle.

1993 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
D S Jong ◽  
P C Pape ◽  
W K Chandler ◽  
S M Baylor
Keyword(s):  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Rana Temporaria ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Fura 2 ◽  
Peak Rate ◽  
Steady Level

Cut fibers from Rana temporaria and Rana pipiens (striation spacing, 3.9-4.2 microns) were mounted in a double Vaseline-gap chamber and studied at 14 degrees C. The Ca indicator purpurate-3,3' diacetic acid (PDAA) was introduced into the end pools and allowed to diffuse into the optical recording site. When the concentration at the site exceeded 2 mM, step depolarizations to 10 mV were applied and the [Ca] transient measured with PDAA was used to estimate Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) (Baylor, S. M., W. K. Chandler, and M. W. Marshall. 1983. Journal of Physiology. 344:625-666). With depolarization, the rate of SR Ca release increased to an early peak and then rapidly decreased several-fold to a quasi-steady level. The total amount of Ca released from the SR at the time of peak rate of release appeared to be independent of SR Ca content, consistent with the idea that a single activated channel might pass, on average, a fixed number of ions, independent of the magnitude of the single channel flux. A possible explanation of this property is given in terms of locally induced Ca inactivation of Ca release. The solution in the end pools was then changed to one with PDAA plus fura-2. SR Ca release was estimated from the [Ca] transient, as before, and from the delta [Cafura-2] signal. On average, 2-3 mM fura-2 increased the quasi-steady level of the rate of SR Ca release by factors of 6.6 and 3.8, respectively, in three fibers from Rana temporaria and three fibers from Rana pipiens. The peak rate of release was increased in five of the six fibers but to a lesser extent than the quasi-steady level. In all fibers, the amplitude of the free [Ca] transient was markedly reduced. These increases in the rate of SR Ca release are consistent with the idea that Ca inactivation of Ca release develops during a step depolarization to 10 mV and that 2-3 mM fura-2 is able to reduce this inactivation by complexing Ca and thereby reducing free [Ca]. Once the concentration of fura-2 becomes sufficiently large, a further increase reduces the rate of SR Ca release. On average, 5-6 mM fura-2 increased the quasi-steady rate of release, compared with 0 mM fura-2, by 6.5 and 2.9, respectively, in four fibers from Rana temporaria and three from Rana pipiens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

The roof of the hindbrain in Rana pipiens and Rana temporaria

1980 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 506-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.S. Dolman ◽  
Gordon Brocklehurst
Keyword(s):  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Rana Temporaria

Observations on the origin of the ‘germinal cytoplasm’ in Xenopus laevis

Development ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-251
Author(s):  
Renata Czołowska
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Rana Temporaria ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Rana Esculenta ◽  
Bufo Bufo ◽  
Discoglossus Pictus ◽  
Early Appearance ◽  
Vegetative Pole

The early appearance of the ‘germinal cytoplasm’ and its behaviour during the formation of cells which are thought to represent the primordial germ cells have been described in detail for Rana temporaria by Bounoure (1927, 1934, 1939) and Blackler (1958). These observations were extended to Xenopus laevis (Nieuwkoop, 1956; Nieuwkoop & Faber, 1956; Blackler, 1958), Bufo bufo (Blackler, 1958), Rana pipiens (Berardino, 1961), Discoglossus pictus (Gipouloux, 1962 a) and Rana esculenta (Hammer, cited by Blackler, 1965 b). The above findings agree with respect to the earliest detection of the ‘germinal cytoplasm’. Its first appearance was noticed as early as in the fertilized, unsegmented egg, where small, distinctly staining islands of cytoplasm are localized just under the cell membrane in an area around the vegetative pole of the egg. During cleavage the ‘germinal cytoplasm’ is distributed between the vegetative blastomeres directly surrounding the vegetative pole.

scholarly journals Energy liberation and chemical change in frog skeletal muscle during single isometric tetanic contractions.

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Homsher ◽  
J A Rall ◽  
A Wallner ◽  
N V Ricchiuti
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Rana Temporaria ◽  
Chemical Change ◽  
Systematic Difference ◽  
Energy Liberation ◽  
Designed Experiments ◽  
Proportionality Constant ◽  
Immersion Technique ◽  
Atp Breakdown

Recent data obtained from Rana temporaria sartorius muscles during an isometric tetanus indicate that the time-course of phosphocreatine (PC) splitting cannot account for the total energy (heat + work) liberation (Gilbert et al. 1971. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 218:)63). As this conclusion is important to an understanding of the chemical energetics of contraction, similar experments were performed on unpoisoned, oxygenated Rana pipiens sartorius muscles. The muscles were tetanized (isometrically) at 0 degrees C for 0.6, 1, or 5 s; metabolism was rapidly arrested by freezing the muscles with a specially designed hammer apparatus, and the frozen muscles were chemically analyzed. Comparable myothermal measurments were made on frogs from the same batch. Results of these experiments indicate: (a) The energy liberation parallels the PC and ATP breakdown with a proportionality constant of 10.7 kcal/mol; (b) comparably designed experiments with sartorius muscles of R. temporaria revealed that the ratio of energy liberation to PC splitting was significantly greater than that observed in R. pipiens sartorius muscles; (c) there is no systematic difference between experiments in which metabolism was arrested by the hammer apparatus and others using a conventional immersion technique.

Comparative Morphology of Intercellular Bridges Between Developing Germ Cells of the Ovary

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
J. R. Ruby ◽  
R. F. Dyer ◽  
R. G. Skalko ◽  
R. F. Gasser ◽  
E. P. Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Dense Material ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Microscope Examination ◽  
Electron Dense Material ◽  
Intercellular Bridges ◽  
Cytoplasmic Side ◽  
Intercellular Connections

An electron microscope examination of fetal ovaries has revealed that developing germ cells are connected by intercellular bridges. In this investigation several species have been studied including human, mouse, chicken, and tadpole (Rana pipiens). These studies demonstrate that intercellular connections are similar in morphology regardless of the species.Basically, all bridges are characterized by a band of electron-dense material on the cytoplasmic side of the tri-laminar membrane surrounding the connection (Fig.l). This membrane is continuous with the plasma membrane of the conjoined cells. The dense material, however, never extends beyond the limits of the bridge. Variations in the configuration of intercellular connections were noted in all ovaries studied. However, the bridges in each individual species usually exhibits one structural characteristic seldom found in the others. For example, bridges in the human ovary very often have large blebs projecting from the lateral borders whereas the sides of the connections in the mouse gonad merely demonstrate a slight convexity.

The application of video-enhanced constrast/differential interference constrast microscopy in conjunction with whole mount electron microscopy to the study of organelle transport

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 66-67
Author(s):  
J. H. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Silver Film ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Organelle Transport ◽  
Linear Element ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Linear Elements ◽  
Dic Microscopy

In a previous study, Allen video-enhanced constrast/differential interference constrast (AVEC-DIC) microscopy was used in conjunction with immunofluorescence microscopy to demonstrate that organelles and vesicle move in either direction along linear elements composed of microtubules. However, this study was limited in that the number of microtubules making up a linear element could not be determined. To overcome this limitation, we have used AVEC-DIC microscopy in conjunction with whole mount electron microscopy.Keratocytes from Rana pipiens were grown on glass coverslips as described elsewhere. Gold London Finder grids were Formvar- and carbon coated, and sterilized by exposure to ultraviolet light. It is important to select a Formvar film that gives a grey reflection when it is floated on water. A silver film is too thick and will detract from the image in the light microscope.

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