germ cells
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

5843
(FIVE YEARS 847)

H-INDEX

132
(FIVE YEARS 12)

Development ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Naitou ◽  
Go Nagamatsu ◽  
Nobuhiko Hamazaki ◽  
Kenjiro Shirane ◽  
Masafumi Hayashi ◽  
...  

In mammals, primordial germ cells (PGCs), the origin of the germ line, are specified from the epiblast at the posterior region where gastrulation simultaneously occurs, yet the functional relationship between PGC specification and gastrulation remains unclear. Here, we show that Ovol2, a transcription factor conserved across the animal kingdom, balances these major developmental processes by repressing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) driving gastrulation and the upregulation of genes associated with PGC specification. Ovol2a, a splice variant encoding a repressor domain, directly regulates EMT-related genes and consequently induces re-acquisition of potential pluripotency during PGC specification, whereas Ovol2b, another splice variant missing the repressor domain, directly upregulates genes associated with PGC specification. Taken together, these results elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying allocation of the germ line among epiblast cells differentiating into somatic cells through gastrulation.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh Kumar ◽  
Digumarthi V S Sudhakar ◽  
Nithyapriya Kumar ◽  
Hanuman T Kale ◽  
Rajan Kumar Jha ◽  
...  

AbstractThe recent epidemiological studies suggest that nearly one out of every 7 reproductive age couples face problem to conceive a child after trying for at least one year. Impaired fertility of the male partner is causative in approximately 50% of the infertile couples. However, the etiologies of large proportion of male infertility are still unclear. Our unpublished exome sequencing data identified several novel genes including TEX13B, which motivated us to further explore the role of TEX13B in male infertility in large infertile case control cohort. Hence in this study, we have examined the role of TEX13B in male infertility by whole gene sequencing 628 infertile and 427 control men and have demonstrated the functional role of Tex13b in spermatogonia GC1spg (GC1) cells. We identified 2 variants on TEX13B which are tightly associated with male infertility. TEX13B gene exclusively expressed in germ cells, but its molecular functions in germ cells are still unknown. Hence, we demonstrated the functional importance of Tex13b in GC1 cell line by genomic manipulation via CRISPR-Cas9 and mass spectrometry-based whole cell proteomics. The gene knock out in GC1 cell line clearly shows that Tex13b play an important role in germ cell growth and morphology. We demonstrate that Tex13b knockout or conditional overexpression in GC1 cells reprograms the metabolic status from an oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis state and vice versa. In conclusion, our study clearly showed the importance of Tex13b in germ cells development and Its association with male infertility.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deivendran Rengaraj ◽  
Sohyoung Won ◽  
Kyung Min Jung ◽  
Seung Je Woo ◽  
Haerang Lee ◽  
...  

AbstractDNA is susceptible to damage by various sources. When the DNA is damaged, the cell repairs the damage through an appropriate DNA repair pathway. When the cell fails to repair DNA damage, apoptosis is initiated. Although several genes are involved in five major DNA repair pathways and two major apoptosis pathways, a comprehensive understanding of those gene expression is not well-understood in chicken tissues. We performed whole-transcriptome sequencing (WTS) analysis in the chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEFs), stage X blastoderms, and primordial germ cells (PGCs) to uncover this deficiency. Stage X blastoderms mostly consist of undifferentiated progenitor (pluripotent) cells that have the potency to differentiate into all cell types. PGCs are also undifferentiated progenitor cells that later differentiate into male and female germ cells. CEFs are differentiated and abundant somatic cells. Through WTS analysis, we identified that the DNA repair pathway genes were expressed more highly in blastoderms and high in PGCs than CEFs. Besides, the apoptosis pathway genes were expressed low in blastoderms and PGCs than CEFs. We have also examined the WTS-based expression profiling of candidate pluripotency regulating genes due to the conserved properties of blastoderms and PGCs. In the results, a limited number of pluripotency genes, especially the core transcriptional network, were detected higher in both blastoderms and PGCs than CEFs. Next, we treated the CEFs, blastoderm cells, and PGCs with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 1 h to induce DNA damage. Then, the H2O2 treated cells were incubated in fresh media for 3–12 h to observe DNA repair. Subsequent analyses in treated cells found that blastoderm cells and PGCs were more likely to undergo apoptosis along with the loss of pluripotency and less likely to undergo DNA repair, contrasting with CEFs. These properties of blastoderms and PGCs should be necessary to preserve genome stability during the development of early embryos and germ cells, respectively.


Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Lúcia Daniel Machado da Silva

The increased interest in breeding dogs and cats and their use as models for other canids and felids demand research to improve reproductive techniques. Among them, testicular cryopreservation stands out. Testicular cryopreservation enables the maintenance of reproductive capacity and allows the establishment of germplasm banks for several species of commercial value or at risk of extinction. Furthermore, it enables the transport of genetic material among different regions. It is noteworthy that this biotechnology represents the only possibility of preserving the fertility of prepubertal animals that have died, so it has great importance in the propagation of the genetic material of animals. The spermatogonia present in the testes can be cultivated in vitro and the sperm obtained can be used in artificial reproduction programs. Although advances have been achieved with the use of testicular fragments to obtain viable and functional germ cells, the establishment of protocols that can be used in clinical routine have not been concluded yet. The testicular cryopreservation process can be carried out through techniques such as slow freezing, fast freezing and vitrification. However, the protocols used for the canine and feline species are still in the experimental phase. Given the importance of the topic, the aim of this review is to draw a profile of the subject approaching the main works on testicular cryopreservation in dogs and cats.


2022 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianjun Zhang ◽  
Yaqiong Li ◽  
Yuqiong Hu ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Changhuo Cen ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaopeng Hu ◽  
Hu Wang ◽  
Geng. G. Tian ◽  
Changliang Hou ◽  
Bo Xu ◽  
...  

Abstract Background During male meiosis, the Y chromosome can form perfect pairing with the X chromosome. However, it is unclear whether mammalian Female germline stem cells (FGSCs) without a Y chromosome can transdifferentiate into functional haploid spermatid-like cells (SLCs). Results We found that spermatogenesis was restarted by transplanting FGSCs into Kitw/wv mutant testes. Complete meiosis and formation of SLCs was induced in vitro by testicular cells of Kitw/wv mutant mice, cytokines and retinoic acid. Healthy offspring were produced by sperm and SLCs derived from the in vivo and in vitro transdifferentiation of FGSCs, respectively. Furthermore, high-throughput chromosome conformation capture sequencing(Hi-C-seq) and “bivalent” (H3K4me3-H3K27me3) micro chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (μChIP-seq) experiments showed that stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8 (STRA8)/protamine 1 (PRM1)-positive transdifferentiated germ cells (tGCs) and male germ cells (mGCs) display similar chromatin dynamics and chromatin condensation during in vitro spermatogenesis. Conclusion This study demonstrates that sperm can be produced from FGSCs without a Y chromosome. This suggests a strategy for dairy cattle breeding to produce only female offspring with a high-quality genetic background.


2022 ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Moydul Islam ◽  
Ngoc Uyen Nhi Nguyen ◽  
Abhinav Diwan ◽  
Beverly A. Rothermel

Aquaculture ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 547 ◽  
pp. 737501
Author(s):  
Binbin Tao ◽  
Xianyao Liao ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
Yongming Li ◽  
Kuangxin Chen ◽  
...  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document