Synergy between tumor necrosis factor and endotoxin decreases early embryo development in vitro

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 304-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Randall ◽  
Edward F. O'connor ◽  
Pickens A. Gantt
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Early Embryo Development ◽  
Development In Vitro ◽  
Necrosis Factor

120 EXPRESSION OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF) AND ITS RECEPTOR TNFR2 IN BOVINE ENDOMETRIUM AND EMBRYOS DURING THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
E. Correia ◽  
E. Gómez ◽  
J. N. Caamaño ◽  
C. Díez ◽  
A. Balseiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), a pleiotropic cytokine that could be involved in early embryo-maternal interactions (Muñoz et al. 2012 J. Proteome Res. 11, 751–766), binds to receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2. The TNFR2 mediates apoptotic and survival processes (Fischer et al. 2011 Cell. Signal. 23, 161–170) and its expression is hormonally regulated (Okuda et al. 2010 Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 330, 41–48). In this work we analyzed the expression of TNFR2 by Western blot (WB) and immunocytochemistry (ICQ) and its co-localization with TNF by ICQ in bovine embryos and endometrium. Heifers that were transferred with multiple in vitro produced (IVP) embryos (n = 3) or sham transferred (n = 3) on Day 5 to horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum were slaughtered on Day 8. Embryos were flushed and endometrial samples were collected from caruncular and intercaruncular regions in the middle and cranial horn thirds. Endometrial samples and Day 8 IVP embryos were subjected to ICQ, and the immunostaining pattern of TNFR2 and TNF was examined by confocal microscopy. Endometrial samples were also subjected to WB. Expression of TNRF2 was quantified by densitometry (immunoblots) and blind assessment (immunostaining). Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS Version 9.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) and REGWQ test for means. Trophectoderm (TF) cells from blastocysts and uterine epithelial and stromal cells showed TNFR2 expression. TNF and TNRF2 were predominantly co-localised in embryos and endometrial samples, although occasionally they were detected independently. The presence of embryos increased TNFR2 in the basal glandular epithelia (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, TNFR2 was higher in the intercaruncular than in the caruncular luminal epithelium (P = 0.07). The presence of embryos did not affect TNFR2 expression between cranial and middle horn thirds. However, the TNFR2 low-molecular-weight isoform (Lmw) in the caruncles and in the middle third of the uterine horn tended to increase in the presence of embryos (P ≤ 0.1). Interestingly, TNFR2 Lmw was more abundant in the middle caruncular region than in other endometrial regions (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that TNF can mediate embryo-maternal communication in the uterus, acting both in the embryonic and maternal sides. In addition, although implantation does not begin in ruminants until elongation is complete, early bovine embryos seem to show an ability to interact with caruncles. Project AGL2009-10059 (MICINN). M. Muñoz, A. Balseiro, B. Trigal, and E. Correia are sponsored by RYC08-03454, Contrato de Investigación para Doctores grant from INIA, Cajastur, and FPU (AP2009-5265), respectively.

scholarly journals Improvement of Human Early Embryo Development in Vitro by Coculture on Monolayers of Vero Cells1

1989 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves J.R. Menezo ◽  
Jean-Francois Guerin ◽  
Jean-Claude Czyba
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Early Embryo Development ◽  
Development In Vitro

scholarly journals Translocation of active mitochondria during pig oocyte maturation, fertilization and early embryo development in vitro

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
QY Sun ◽  
GM Wu ◽  
L Lai ◽  
KW Park ◽  
R Cabot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Early Embryo Development ◽  
Mitochondrial Translocation ◽  
Strong Staining ◽  
Development In Vitro ◽  
Pig Oocyte

The distribution of active mitochondria during pig oocyte maturation, fertilization and early embryo development in vitro was revealed by using MitoTracker Green staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The regulation of mitochondrial translocation by microfilaments and microtubules was also studied. In oocytes collected from small follicles, strong staining of active mitochondria was observed in the cell cortex. Accumulation of active mitochondria in the peripheral cytoplasm and around the germinal vesicles was characteristic of fully grown oocytes collected from large follicles. Mitochondria accumulated in the perinuclear area during meiotic progression from germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) to anaphase I. Larger mitochondrial foci were formed and moved to the inner cytoplasm in mature oocytes. Compared with the oocytes matured in vivo, in which large mitochondrial foci were distributed throughout the cytoplasm, mitochondria were not observed in the central cytoplasm in most of the oocytes matured in vitro. Strong staining of mitochondria was observed in the first polar bodies in metaphase II oocytes. In fertilized eggs, active mitochondria aggregated in the pronuclear region. Perinuclear clustering and a cortical ring were the most marked features of early cleavage. Active mitochondria were distributed in both inner cell mass cells and trophectoderm cells of the blastocysts. Disassembly of microtubules with nocodazole inhibited both mitochondrial aggregations to the germinal vesicle area and their inward movement to the inner cytoplasm during oocyte maturation, as well as the translocation of mitochondria to the peri-pronuclear region during fertilization, whereas disruption of microfilaments by cytochalasin B had no effects. These data indicate that: (i) oocyte maturation, fertilization and early embryo development in pigs are associated with changes in active mitochondrial distribution; (ii) mitochondrial translocation is mediated by microtubules, but not by microfilaments; and (iii) in vitro maturation conditions may cause incomplete movement of mitochondria to the inner cytoplasm and thus affect cytoplasmic maturation.

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