C-band positive W chromosome in the female Indian frog

1983 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chakrabarti ◽  
S. N. Banerjee ◽  
L. N. Neogi ◽  
S. Roy-Choudhuri
Keyword(s):  
W Chromosome ◽  
Indian Frog

W chromosome in the Indian water snake (checkered keel back)Natrix piscator (colubridae)

1968 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Singh ◽  
T. Sharma ◽  
S. P. Ray-Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
W Chromosome ◽  
Indian Water ◽  
Water Snake

Nucleotide sequences and unusual electrophoretic behavior of the W chromosome-specific repeating DNA units of the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus domesticus

Chromosoma ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kodama ◽  
Hisato Saitoh ◽  
Masahide Tone ◽  
Satoru Kuhara ◽  
Yoshiyuki Sakaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
W Chromosome ◽  
Electrophoretic Behavior

scholarly journals INDEPENDENT STRATUM FORMATION ON THE AVIAN SEX CHROMOSOMES REVEALS INTER-CHROMOSOMAL GENE CONVERSION AND PREDOMINANCE OF PURIFYING SELECTION ON THE W CHROMOSOME

Evolution ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 3281-3295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison E. Wright ◽  
Peter W. Harrison ◽  
Stephen H. Montgomery ◽  
Marie A. Pointer ◽  
Judith E. Mank
Keyword(s):  
Gene Conversion ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Chromosomal Gene ◽  
W Chromosome

scholarly journals Genetic sex determination and sex-specific lifespan in tetrapods – evidence of a toxic Y effect

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahida Sultanova ◽  
Philip A. Downing ◽  
Pau Carazo
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Z Chromosome ◽  
W Chromosome ◽  
Deleterious Mutations ◽  
Recessive Mutations ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Heterogametic Sex ◽  
Taxonomic Patterns

ABSTRACTSex-specific lifespans are ubiquitous across the tree of life and exhibit broad taxonomic patterns that remain a puzzle, such as males living longer than females in birds and vice versa in mammals. The prevailing “unguarded-X” hypothesis (UXh) explains this by differential expression of recessive mutations in the X/Z chromosome of the heterogametic sex (e.g., females in birds and males in mammals), but has only received indirect support to date. An alternative hypothesis is that the accumulation of deleterious mutations and repetitive elements on the Y/W chromosome might lower the survival of the heterogametic sex (“toxic Y” hypothesis). Here, we report lower survival of the heterogametic relative to the homogametic sex across 138 species of birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians, as expected if sex chromosomes shape sex-specific lifespans. We then analysed bird and mammal karyotypes and found that the relative sizes of the X and Z chromosomes are not associated with sex-specific lifespans, contrary to UXh predictions. In contrast, we found that Y size correlates negatively with male survival in mammals, where toxic Y effects are expected to be particularly strong. This suggests that small Y chromosomes benefit male lifespans. Our results confirm the role of sex chromosomes in explaining sex differences in lifespan, but indicate that, at least in mammals, this is better explained by “toxic Y” rather than UXh effects.

scholarly journals Sex chromosome diversification in the smooth snake Coronella austriaca (Reptilia, Serpentes)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Marcello Mezzasalma ◽  
Gaetano Odierna
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
W Chromosome ◽  
Geographical Pattern ◽  
Karyological Study ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Sex Chromosome System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Coronella Austriaca

The smooth snake Coronella austriaca is a widespread Palearctic colubrid species. The species has been the subject of several molecular and phylogeographic studies which highlighted the occurrence of distinct genetic lineages in different areas of the species distribution, but scarce cytogenetic data are currently available on the species. In this paper we present a molecular and karyological study performed with several banding, staining methods and NOR-FISH on samples of C. austriaca from different geographical areas (Italy and Greece) of the species distribution. The molecular and phylogenetic analysis unambiguously placed the studied samples in different clades with a clear geographical pattern. The karyotype of the two female samples studied was composed of 2n = 36 chromosomes with 16 macro- and 20 microchromosomes and a mix of plesiomorphic and derivate chromosome features. All macrochromosomes were biarmed with the exception of pair 5 that was telocentric. NORs were detected on a microchromosome pair. In both females, the pair 4 was heteromorphic (and completely heterochromatic after C-banding in the Italian female), representing the first report of a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system with female heterogamety in C. austriaca. In addition, the W chromosome showed a different morphology between the two female studied (submetacentric and subtelocentric), highlighting the occurrence of a chromosomal diversification among distinct geographical areas of the species distribution and further supporting that the species contains different diverging evolutionary clades.

Retrotransposable elements on the W chromosome of the silkworm, Bombyx mori

2005 ◽  
Vol 110 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Abe ◽  
K. Mita ◽  
Y. Yasukochi ◽  
T. Oshiki ◽  
T. Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
W Chromosome ◽  
Retrotransposable Elements

An Efficient Duplex PCR Method for Sex Identification of the European Grapevine Moth Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) at Any Developmental Stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2505-2510
Author(s):  
Carlos Aguirre ◽  
Natalia Olivares ◽  
Patricio Hinrichsen
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Sex Identification ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Duplex Pcr ◽  
W Chromosome ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Specific Sequences

Abstract Many genetic studies in insects require sex identification of individuals in all developmental stages. The most common sex chromosome system in lepidopterans is WZ/ZZ; the W chromosome is present only in females. Based on two W chromosome-specific short sequences (CpW2 and CpW5) described in Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), we identified homologous female-specific sequences in Lobesia botrana Den. & Schiff, a polyphagous and very harmful species present in Chile since 2008. From this starting point, we extended the sequence information using the inverse PCR method, identifying the first W-specific sequences described up to now for the moth. Finally, we developed a duplex PCR method for rapid and sensitive determination of sex in L. botrana from larva to adult. The method showed a detection limit of 1 pg of genomic DNA; a blind panel of samples exhibited exact correspondence with the morphological identification. These results will be very useful for studies requiring sex-specific analyses at any developmental stage, contributing also to the understanding of gene expression in the insect, as well as to the eventual development of control protocols against the moth, such as the development of genetic sexing strains for the implementation of the sterile insect technique.

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