PENGARUH METODE DEMONSTRASI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PEMELIHARAAN SASIS DAN PEMINDAH TENAGA KENDARAAN RINGAN KELAS XI TKR SMK NEGERI 1 MOTOLING

THE EFFECT OF DEMONSTRATION METHODS ON LEARNING RESULTS OF SASIS AND MANAGEMENT MAINTENANCE LIGHTWEIGHT VEHICLE CLASS XI TKR SMK NEGERI 1 MOTOLING By: FRANDO RUNTUNUWU NIM 14 212 036 Supervisor : Dr. H. M. Sumual, ST, M.Eng Ir. D. J. I. Manongko, M.Eng ABSTRACT This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of demonstration methods on learning outcomes applying manual transmission maintenance at SMK Negeri 1 Motoling. This research method uses a quantitative approach, using the experimental method. Namely a method that is directed at solving problems by describing or describing what the research results are. The results showed that the effect of the demonstration method can significantly improve student learning outcomes in the Subject of Light Vehicle Chassis Maintenance at SMK Negeri 1 Motoling. Effect of learning Demonstration method through statistical tests using t-test, it turns out that the value of t is greater than t table or t = 3.071> t table = 1.684 at α = 0.05 dk = n - 2.Thus this study accepts the alternative hypothesis (Ha) and rejecting the normal hypothesis (H0) means that there is an effect of Demonstration Method Learning on student learning outcomes in the subject of Light Vehicle Chassis Maintenance at SMK Negeri 1 Motoling. . Keywords: Demonstration Method, Learning Outcomes and SPT TKR.

Unregulated Corporate Financial Disclosure and Analysts’ Forecast Properties: The Case of Embedded Value Reporting by Life Insurers

This paper investigates the association between life insurers’ voluntary disclosure of embedded value (EV), an unregulated market-driven fair value measure, and analyst forecast accuracy and dispersion. EV is an estimate of the present value of future net cash flows from in-force life insurance business. Advocates of this disclosure believe that EV is a better measure of economic performance than traditional GAAP measures. Others argue that corporate management has discretion in estimating and reporting EV. Further, analysts may have access to information that allows the development of possibly more accurate estimation metrics in the absence of EV disclosure. It is then an empirical issue to determine whether EV disclosure has any incremental effect on analysts’ forecast properties. Using a multi-country setting, we find that EV disclosure is positively associated with analysts’ earnings forecast accuracy and negatively related to forecast dispersion. This result is consistent with the alternative hypothesis that disclosure of EV provides a richer information set that enriches analysts’ forecasts beyond their own in-house developed surrogates. As guidance for insurance accounting and disclosure evolves, our findings support the value of continuing to provide EV information to the public.

Do Local Newspapers Mitigate the Effects of the Polarized National Rhetoric on COVID-19?

This analysis tests two distinct predictions regarding local newspapers’ coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. A public service view of local newspapers predicts that a robust local newspaper sector would mitigate the politicized national partisan rhetoric surrounding COVID-19; reducing the disparity in social-distancing behaviors between predominantly Republican and predominantly Democratic counties by increasing compliance in Republican counties. The alternative hypothesis, informed by a demand-side view of the market pressures local newspapers face, predicts that increased competition between local newspapers will increase the degree to which local newspapers amplify the rhetoric of national officials in line with the partisan composition of their community, further polarizing adherence to social-distancing behaviors across predominantly Republican versus predominantly Democratic counties. The results of this analysis offer strong support for the second hypothesis; but, an additional analysis of vaccination rates offers a more nuanced perspective than a simple public service versus demand-side dichotomy would imply.

Does Empathy Promote Helping by Activating Altruistic Motivation or Concern About Social Evaluation? A Direct Replication of Fultz et al. (1986)

Empathy motivates people to help needy others. Does it do so by activating genuine concern, or by activating more self-interested goals that helping needy others might enable them to fulfill? The empathy-altruism hypothesis claims that empathic concern reflects a non-instrumental desire to improve the welfare of a person in need. To rule out the alternative hypothesis that empathy motivates prosocial behavior by first generating fear of appearing selfish, Fultz et al. (1986) manipulated empathy for a needy target using perspective-taking instructions; they also manipulated whether the subject’s opportunity to help was subject to social evaluation. However, Fultz et al.’s (1986) experiments were underpowered. Here, we conducted a large-N pre-registered replication of Experiment 2 in Fultz et al. (1986). We also administered self-report measures of moral identity and endorsement of the principle of care to test whether these traits reflect altruistic desires or desires to avoid disapprobation. We found that volunteering did not differ between the high and low social evaluation conditions, and that volunteering was not significantly higher in the high-empathy condition. These results sit uneasily with Fultz et al. (1986)’s evidence in support of the empathy-altruism hypothesis. We also failed to find evidence that the principle of care or moral identity internalization reflect altruistic motivation. Consistent with the empathy-altruism hypothesis, however, we did find that self-reported empathic concern predicted helping.

A Multi‑Center, Open‑Label, Single‑Arm Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety and Tolerability of IGSC 20% in Subjects with Primary Immunodeficiency

Purpose The purpose of this phase 3 study was to evaluate the efficacy, pharmacokinetics (PK), and safety of Immune Globulin Subcutaneous (Human), 20% Caprylate/Chromatography Purified (IGSC 20%) in patients with primary immunodeficiency (PI). Methods Immunoglobulin treatment-experienced subjects with PI received 52 weeks of IGSC 20% given weekly at the same dose as the subject’s previous IgG regimen (DAF 1:1); the minimum dose was 100 mg/kg/week. The primary endpoint was serious bacterial infections (SBIs [null vs alternative hypothesis: SBI rate per person per year ≥ 1 vs < 1]). IgG subclasses and specific pathogen antibody levels were also measured. Results Sixty-one subjects (19 children [≤ 12 years], 10 adolescents [> 12–16 years], and 32 adults) were enrolled. The rate of SBIs per person per year was 0.017. The 1-sided 99% upper confidence limit was 0.036 (< 1), and the null hypothesis was rejected. The rate of hospitalization due to infection per person per year was 0.017 (2-sided 95% confidence interval: 0.008–0.033) overall. The mean trough total IgG concentrations were comparable to the previous IgG replacement regimen. The average of the individual mean trough ratios (IGSC 20%:previous regimen) was 1.078 (range: 0.83–1.54). The average steady-state mean trough IgG concentrations were 947.64 and 891.37 mg/dL, respectively. Seven subjects had serious treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs); none was drug-related. The rate of all TEAEs, including local infusion site reactions, during 3045 IGSC 20% infusions was 0.135. Most TEAEs were mild or moderate. Conclusions IGSC 20% demonstrated efficacy and good safety and tolerability in subjects with PI.

Robustness in action: Leg loss does not affect mating success in male harvestmen

Defensive strategies, like other life-history traits favored by natural selection, may pose constraints on reproduction. A common anti-predator defense strategy that increases immediate survival is autotomy—the voluntary release of body parts. This type of morphological damage is considered to impose future costs for reproduction and fitness. We tested an alternative hypothesis that animals are robust (able to withstand and overcome perturbations) to this type of damage and do not experience any fitness costs in reproductive contexts. We explored the effects of experimental leg loss on the reproductive behavior of one species of Neotropical Prionostemma harvestmen. These arachnids undergo autotomy frequently, do not regenerate legs, and their courtship and mating necessitate the use of legs. We assessed the effect of losing different types of legs (locomotor or sensory) on courtship behavior and mating success in males. We found no differences in the mating success or in any measured aspect of reproductive behavior between eight-legged males and males that experienced loss of legs of any type. Additionally, we found that morphological traits related to body size did not predict mating success. Overall, our experimental findings support the null hypothesis that harvestmen are robust to the consequences of morphological damage and natural selection favors strategies that increase robustness. Significance statement In order to survive encounters with predators, animals have evolved many defensive strategies. Some of those behaviors, however, can come with a cost to their overall body condition. For example, some animals can voluntarily lose body parts (tails, legs, etc.) to escape. This process can then affect many aspects of an animal’s life, including reproduction. In a group of harvestmen (daddy long-legs) from Costa Rica, we tested the hypothesis that males are robust to the potential consequences of losing legs, and will not experience costs. We found that males that lost either legs used for locomotion or for sensory perception reproduced in the same way as animals with all of their legs. Consequently, we demonstrate that these arachnids are able to withstand the loss of legs with no effects on reproduction.

Evidence from ERP and Eye Movements as Markers of Language Dysfunction in Dyslexia

Developmental dyslexia is a complex reading disorder involving genetic and environmental factors. After more than a century of research, its etiology remains debated. Two hypotheses are often put forward by scholars to account for the causes of dyslexia. The most common one, the linguistic hypothesis, postulates that dyslexia is due to poor phonological awareness. The alternative hypothesis considers that dyslexia is caused by visual-attentional deficits and abnormal eye movement patterns. This article reviews a series of selected event-related brain potential (ERP) and eye movement studies on the reading ability of dyslexic individuals to provide an informed state of knowledge on the etiology of dyslexia. Our purpose is to show that the two abovementioned hypotheses are not necessarily mutually exclusive, and that dyslexia should rather be considered as a multifactorial deficit.

The Use of Diary to Improve the Writing Ability of the English Second Graders at Hamzanwadi University

The research aimed at finding out the use of a diary in improving the writing ability of the English students of Hamzanwadi University. The problems formulated in this research were (1) Is the use of diary effective in teaching writing for the English students of Hamzanwadi University? (2) How effective is using a diary in teaching writing for the English students of Hamzanwadi University? The research design of this study was one group pretest and posttest. The population of this research was the second-semester students of Hamzanwadi University, which consisted of 105 students in 4 classes. The present researcher took class D as the sample that consisted of 20 students. The present researcher generated a simple random sampling by obtaining an exhaustive list of a population and then randomly selecting a certain number of individuals to comprise the sample. A pretest and a posttest were given to the students to collect the data. The result of the data analysis indicated that the mean score of the pretest was 34.86 while in the posttest was 48.00. In testing the hypothesis, the result of the t-test was -9.706. The null hypothesis was rejected, and the alternative hypothesis was accepted. So, it can be said that using a diary was significantly effective in teaching writing.

The Influence of Principal's Leadership on Teacher Performance

This study aims to find out how the principal is in his leadership and how influential the principal's leadership is on teacher performance. The method used in this research is descriptive using a quantitative approach. Data collection was obtained from questionnaires, interviews, and documentation studies. While the data analysis uses percentage techniques for descriptive data and test eta quadrat for quantitative data. The results obtained in this study explain that the principal's leadership is in the very good category with a percentage gain of 94.6%.Teacher performance is in the very good category with a percentage gain 80.5%. The results of linear regression calculations show that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. Principal leadership contributes 37.6% to teacher performance. Which means principals have an important role in teacher performance.