1. In the trout gut a short oesophagus containing only striated circular muscles opens into a large cardiac stomach possessing inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle-coats, as well as a musculsris mucosse. Ahout 45 pyloric caeca come off the intestine, which, while containing muscle-coats, does not possess a muscularis mucosae. In the rectum, the longitudinal muscle is as thick as the circular muscle-coat, hut in other regions the circular muscle is dominant, especially in the pyloric stomach where it is over 10 times as thick ss the longitudinal layer.
2. The mucosa is distinguished by the presence of a prominent layer of dense collagen, the stratum compactum, which is perforated only by nerves and blood-vessels. This layer forms a firm and relatively inextensible (approximately 10% extensibility) basis to the gut-wall. It limits the extensibility of the smooth muscle to 75% radially in the stomach and 25% radially and longitudinally in the intestine. In contrast, the stomachs of the pike and perch, which do not possess a stratum compactum, extend up so 200%.
3. A detailed description of the regional junctions and sphincters gives a basis for the interpretation of events occurring in the living system. Valves at the junction of the pneumatic duct with the oesophagus, and between the duodenum and pyloric stomach, serve to prevent the regurgitation of gas and semi-digested food respectively. A complex sphincter mechanism exists at the pylorus, and to a lesser extent at the antrum. A series of about five circular muscle-constrictors represents the anus.
4. It is suggested that the cells forming the stratum granulosum, a layer closely associated with the stratum compactum, are composed of active fibroblast cells producing collagen.
5. The rectum contains a muscular annulo-spiral septum of unknown function which protrudes into the lumen.
Misoprostol induces relaxation of human corpus cavernosum smooth muscle: comparison to prostaglandin E1
