Toxicity evaluation of Dolichandrone serrulata flower extract on vital and reproductive organs in adult male rats

Although Dolichandrone serrulata flower (DSF) aqueous extract has been shown to possess pharmacological properties, its systemic toxicity has still to be evaluated. The present study aimed to investigate the sub-chronic toxicity effect of DSF extract on biochemical parameters and histological structures of liver, kidney, testis, and epididymis plus vas deferens. Adult male rats were administered DSF at 100, 300, and 600 mg/kgBW via oral gavage for 48 consecutive days while control rats received distilled water. At the end of the experiment, blood, liver, kidney, testis, and epididymis plus vas deferens samples were collected to determine any changes to serum biochemical components including ALT, ALP, and creatinine levels and histological structures. The results revealed no significant difference in body weight and food or water consumption between control and the DSF-treated groups. It was found that DSF significantly increases the weight of epididymis plus vas deferens, while the kidney and liver showed a decrease in the high dose group (P value < 0.05). Histological changes in these vital and reproductive tissues including fibrosis were not observed after administration but ALT, ALP, and creatinine levels were significantly altered in the treated groups (P value < 0.05). These altered levels, however, were still within normal ranges. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that D. serrulata flower extract had no sub-chronic toxicity on vital and reproductive structures but slightly altered some liver and kidney functions.

A Rare Case of Prostatic Utricle with Crossover Vas Deferens in Children

Background: A prostatic utricle (PU) is an unusual pathology with most patients being asymptomatic. However, approximately 29% of patients may show lower urinary tract symptoms, recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI), postvoid dribbling, urethral discharge, epididymo-orchitis, stones, and secondary incontinence caused by urine trapping in the pouch and urinary retention. The standard treatment is through surgical resection, but it is only offered to patients with symptoms. Case summary: We report a case involving a six-year-old boy with congenital hypothyroidism and penoscrotal hypospadias who had previously undergone onlay urethroplasty for the proximal shaft, chordee release, orchidopexy for bilateral undescended testis, and laparoscopic herniorrhaphy for left inguinal hernia. However, the patient later evolved the repetition of UTI and right epididymo-orchitis. Cyclic voiding cystourethrography confirmed the presence of a cystic lesion communicating with the prostatic urethra from the utricle. The PU was then excised laparoscopically. The utricle was identified posterior to the bladder, and insertions of the vas deferens crossover into the utricle were detected by laparoscopy. The post-procedure course was uneventful. Conclusions: Laparoscopic resection of PUs offers a better exposure field, improved wound appearance, complete resection, and reduces the incidence of complications. During laparoscopy, the PU was clearly distinguished from the bladder or other pelvic organs. An incidental finding of vas deferens crossover has rarely been reported. A combined cystoscopy and laparoscopy for PU resection is executable, safe, and valid in this patient population.

Search for ways to increase yield and improve product quality in the process of saw ginning

This article presents the results of research on increasing fiber yield and improving product quality by using a new design of the vas deferens from the working chamber. It has been experimentally established that the most rational in terms of yield and quality of fiber, seeds and gin productivity is the position of the seed comb when the axes of its pegs are directed 5-10 degrees above the axis of the saw cylinder. The smallest value of complete hairiness of seeds after gin was obtained when installing a lamellar seed comb. Its average value was 13.8%. At the same time, the fiber yield was maximum - 34.66%, and the highest productivity - 8.5 kg of fiber per saw per hour. The influence of the distance between the ends of the seed comb pegs and grates at their values of 10, 20, 30 mm on the ginning indices was investigated. A distance of 20 mm is recognized as optimal taking into account all indicators - fiber yield, complete pubescence, productivity, quality of fiber and seeds. An experimental working chamber equipped with lamellar combs was made. It has been tested in the production conditions of a pilot cotton mill.

A Rare Case of 46, XX (SRY+) With Normal Male Stature and Unilateral Absence of the Vas Deferens

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the cause of primary infertility in a rare case with unilateral absence of vas deferens. Case report: A 35-year-old man was presented to the Infertility Clinic at the National Center of Maternal and Child Health (NCMCH) with an eight-year history of primary infertility. Clinical examination showed a normal intelligence with a coarse facial appearance and small testicles. Hormonal tests detected elevated levels of prolactin (PRL), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH), and low levels of testosterone. Chromosomal analysis with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed a 46XX with SRY (sex-determining region Y) positive karyotype with translocation of the SRY gene (46XX der(X)t(X:Y)(p11.1:p11.3)(SRY+)). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral seminal vesicles atrophy and agenesis of the vas deferens on the right side, which is rarely found in 46, XX male syndrome. Conclusion: Although 46XX testicular disorder of sexual development (DSD) cases are rare, multiple aspects of the clinical examinations are important to make an accurate diagnosis and to provide proper genetic counseling and guidance to patients in their long-term management.

A spectrum of epididymis and vas deferens anomalies among children with cryptorchidism: a retrospective multi-center study

Background Vasoepididymal anomalies are not rare among children with cryptorchidism. They may affect fertility following orchiopexy. Herein, we describe the cases of abnormalities of the vas deferens and epididymis in children undergoing orchidopexy for cryptorchidism. Data were collected retrospectively from six centers providing care for patients with undescended testicles from September 2017 to February 2019. All patients whose congenital anomalies of the epididymis or vas deferens were discovered incidentally during operative intervention for cryptorchidism and where photographs of the anomalies were taken were included. Results The total incidence of congenital anomalies on the 467 testicles which had operations was 13.2%. Congenital epididymal and vas deferens anomalies were more common on the left side than the right side in patients with cryptorchidism (P = 0.038). Attachment anomalies between the epididymis and testis were the most common epididymal anomaly (36.3%), while a vanished vas deferens was the most frequent vas deferens anomaly (18%). Three patients had absent vas deferens, two had curled vas deferens, two had vas deferens separated from the epididymis, and one had a duplicated vas deferens. Three patients had an epididymal cyst, one had an enlarged appendix of the epididymis, and one had epididymal agenesis. Conclusion Attention must be paid during any surgery on an undescended testicle as an anomaly of the vas deferens could lead to unexpected complications. Anomalies of the vas deferens or epididymis that present in cases of cryptorchidism occur mostly on the left side.