Pyrolysis-gas-liquid chromatography of fungi: Observations on variability among nine Penicillium species of the section asymmetrica, subsection fasciculata

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Kulik ◽  
Phillip G. Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas

The Inability of Pyrolysis Gas-Liquid Chromatography to Differentiate Selected Foodborne Bacteria

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORMAN J. STERN
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Capillary Column ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Weak Points

Pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography (PGLC) and stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) were ineffective when used to differentiate selected genera, species and strains of foodborne microorganisms. Each of 18 individual bacterial strains analyzed was grown, harvested and subjected to PGLC analysis. The resulting pyrolysis products were separated on a high resolution capillary column and the elution patterns (pyrograms) were subjected to stepwise discriminant analysis of 26 (a–z) characteristic peaks. Classification with the combination of PGLC and SDA was 87% accurate for gram-negative strains of bacteria and 94% accurate for gram-positive strains of bacteria. PGLC-stepwise discriminant· analysis correctly discriminated 80% of the bacterial strains according to the known gram-stain reactions. Only 63% were correctly classified to the genus level when all samples were compared. These findings point out the weak points for this method of bacterial analysis.

Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil of Origanum syriacum L.

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1147-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
RASHA K. DAOUK ◽  
SHAWKY M. DAGHER ◽  
ELSA J. SATTOUT
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Origanum Oil ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose

The volatile oil of the Lebanese Za'atar (Origanum syriacum L.) was characterized for its thymol and carvacrol content using gas-liquid chromatography. These two compounds constituted the major components of the oil and were present in equal proportions of 30% in the volatile oil extracted from the leaves and shoot tips of the Origanum plant during the preflowering stage. The percentage of carvacrol in the essential oil increased to 62% after flowering and maturation, while the concentration of thymol decreased to 14%. Origanum oil extracted from plants collected during midseason was evaluated for its antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Penicillium species. The oil exhibited strong inhibitory action against the three fungi tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the oil was found to be 0.1 μl/ml of yeast extract sucrose broth for the fungi tested.

Classification of some dermatophytes by pyrolysis–gas–liquid chromatography

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Carmichael ◽  
Awatar S. Sekhon ◽  
Lynne Sigler
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Random Drift ◽  
Characteristic Peak ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Arthroderma Benhamiae

Samples from dried colonies of 21 strains of Nannizzia and Arthroderma were analyzed by pyrolysis–gas–liquid chromatography. Characteristic peak patterns produced by all the strains were used as markers to correct random drift in retention time so that corresponding peaks in different pyrograms could be homologized. Variation in sample size was compensated for by comparing peaks on each pyrogram with a particular major component and scoring them simply as 0 (absent), 1 (small), or 2 (large). Proximities were calculated and analyzed for clusters by the TAXMAP procedure. The analysis always grouped replicate samples together in the same cluster. Opposite mating types of the same species were sometimes placed in the same cluster and sometimes in separate clusters. The (+) mating type of Arthroderma benhamiae was placed in a cluster with both mating types of Nannizzia gypsea and N. obtusa, while the (−) mating type replicates of A. benhamiae were placed in a cluster by themselves. Finding a greater difference between pyrograms of different mating types of one species than between pyrograms of different species was unexpected and requires further investigation.

Fully Automated Curie-Point Pyrolysis Gas-Liquid Chromatography

1975 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. C. Meuzelaar ◽  
H. G. Ficke ◽  
H. C. den Harink
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Curie Point ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Curie Point Pyrolysis

Pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography of the pathotypes of the potato cyst nematodesGlobodera rostochiensisandG. pallida

Parasitology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Fox ◽  
H. J. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Photometric Detection ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Flame Photometric Detection ◽  
Curie Point Pyrolysis

SUMMARYCurie-point pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography (PGLC) was used to detect gross chemical differences between the 8 European pathotypes of the potato cyst nematodesGlobodera rostochiensisandG. pallida. No qualitative differences were seen with either flame ionization or flame photometric detection systems, although quantitative differences between pathotypes were detected. Cluster analysis of these differences failed to group the pathotypes into species, but separation of some economically important pathotypes was achieved. The potential of PGLC for nematode identification is discussed.

Pyrolysis–gas–liquid chromatography of some dermatophytes

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1593-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awatar S. Sekhon ◽  
J. W. Carmichael
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas

Dermatophytes belonging to Nannizzia, Arthroderma, and Microsporum were examined by pyrolysis–gas–liquid chromatography. Replicate samples from the same colony, or samples from another colony of the same strain, yielded closely similar pyrograms, but the curves were not quite superimposable. Effects on the pyrolysis patterns of sample size, age of colony, and type of medium were investigated. Pyrograms of the plus and minus mating types of the species of Nannizzia and Arthroderma were similar to each other, but they did differ in some respects. The patterns of Microsporum audouini and M. canis differed considerably from each other. Quantitative analysis of the pyrochromatographic data, using several procedures, did not yield satisfactory results. It was found that variation between replicates was often as great as between species.

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