Relative importance of semiochemicals from first and second trophic levels in host foraging behavior ofAphidius ervi

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1591-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. -J. Du ◽  
G. M. Poppy ◽  
W. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Host Foraging

Relative importance of host and plant semiochemicals in the foraging behavior of Trichogramma achaeae, an egg parasitoid of Tuta absoluta

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 1479-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lessando Gontijo ◽  
Pasquale Cascone ◽  
Massimo Giorgini ◽  
Marco Michelozzi ◽  
Hígor S. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Trichogramma Achaeae

scholarly journals Do plant volatiles confuse rather than guide foraging behavior of the aphid hyperparasitoid Dendrocerus aphidum?

Chemoecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 315-325
Author(s):  
Jetske G. de Boer ◽  
Petra J. Hollander ◽  
Daan Heinen ◽  
Divya Jagger ◽  
Pim van Sliedregt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Olfactory Responses ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Pepper Plants

Abstract Many species of parasitoid wasps use plant volatiles to locate their herbivorous hosts. These volatiles are reliable indicators of host presence when their emission in plants is induced by herbivory. Hyperparasitoids may also use information from lower trophic levels to locate their parasitoid hosts but little is known about the role of volatiles from the plant–host complex in the foraging behavior of hyperparasitoids. Here, we studied how Dendrocerus aphidum (Megaspilidae) responds to plant and host volatiles in a series of experiments. This hyperparasitoid uses aphid mummies as its host and hampers biological control of aphids by parasitoids in greenhouse horticulture. We found that D. aphidum females were strongly attracted to volatiles from mummy-infested sweet pepper plants, but only when clean air was offered as an alternative odor source in the Y-tube olfactometer. Hyperparasitoid females did not have a preference for mummy-infested plants when volatiles from aphid-infested or healthy pepper plants were presented as an alternative. These olfactory responses of D. aphidum were mostly independent of prior experience. Volatiles from the host itself were also highly attractive to D. aphidum, but again hyperparasitoid females only had a preference in the absence of plant volatiles. Our findings suggest that plant volatiles may confuse, rather than guide the foraging behavior of D. aphidum. Mummy hyperparasitoids, such as D. aphidum, can use a wide variety of mummies and are thus extreme generalists at the lower trophic levels, which may explain the limited role of (induced) plant volatiles in their host searching behavior.

scholarly journals The Relative Importance of Arthropods and Fruits in Foraging Behavior of Omnivorous Tanagers (Thraupidae): The Comparison of Three Methods

The Condor ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Naoki
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Initial Observation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bird Foraging

Abstract I quantified the foraging ecology of omnivorous Tangara tanagers with three methods commonly used in the study of foraging behavior. The relative importance of two food types, arthropods and fruits, varied largely depending on which method was used for data analyses. Arthropod foraging was more important than fruit foraging when calculated using the duration of foraging. In contrast, fruit foraging was more important when characterized by the food taken at initial observation and the total number of food items taken. This bias was probably caused by the difference in distribution and abundance of these two food types. Although numerous studies have used the frequency of initial observations to quantify bird foraging behavior, this method tends to underestimate the importance of highly rewarding but scarce food types in time budgets and tends to overestimate the same food type in the number of food items in birds' diets. Importancia Relativa de Artrópodos y Frutos en el Comportamiento de Forrajeo de las Tangaras Omnívoras (Thraupidae): Comparación de Tres Métodos Resumen. Cuantifiqué la ecología de forrajeo de las tangaras omnívoras del género Tangara con tres métodos comúnmente utilizados en el estudio del comportamiento de forrajeo. La importancia relativa de dos tipos de alimento, artrópodos y frutos, varió significativamente dependiendo de qué método se utilizó para analizar los datos. El forrajeo de artrópodos fue más importante que el forrajeo de frutos cuando calculado utilizando duración del forrajeo. En contraste, el forrajeo de frutos fue más importante cuando caracterizado por el tipo de alimento consumido en observación inicial y el número total de alimentos consumidos. Este sesgo fue causado probablemente por la diferencia en distribución y abundancia de estos dos tipos de alimento. Muchos estudios han utilizado la frecuencia de observaciones iniciales para cuantificar el comportamiento de forrajeo de las aves. Sin embargo, este método tiende a subestimar la importancia de aquellos alimentos, de alta recompensa pero escasos, en términos del tiempo invertido en su búsqueda. Al mismo tiempo, este método tiende a sobrestimar estos mismos tipos de alimento cuando se considera el número de artículos alimenticios en la dieta de las aves.

Effect of developmental temperatures on Aphidius colemani host-foraging behavior at high temperature

2021 ◽  
pp. 103140
Author(s):  
Mey Jerbi-Elayed ◽  
Kévin Tougeron ◽  
Kaouthar Grissa-Lebdi ◽  
Thierry Hance
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Aphidius Colemani ◽  
Host Foraging

Stable Carbon Isotope Studies on the Pecks Cove Mudflat Ecosystem in the Cumberland Basin, Bay of Fundy

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (S1) ◽  
pp. s262-s272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Schwinghamer ◽  
Francis C. Tan ◽  
Donald C. Gordon Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Benthic Diatoms ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Intertidal Mudflat ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Stable Carbon

Ratios of stable carbon isotopes (δ 13C) have been measured in components of an intertidal mudflat ecosystem located near the head of the Bay of Fundy. Special attention was given to the isolation and analysis of carbon source materials including phytoplankton, benthic algae, marsh grass (Spartina alterniflora), size-fractionated detritus, and "mineral" sediment. Bulk sediment and suspended matter were also analyzed. For most of the year the two major primary producers, Spartina and benthic diatoms (dominated by Gyrosigma spp.), had similar δ 13C values (−13 to −14‰). Some Spartina detritus, presumably "fresh" material, also had similar δ 13C values. It was therefore imposible to estimate the relative importance of carbon from these sources to the nutrition of consumer organisms. Zooplankton, benthic-feeding fish, and benthic fauna had δ 13C values mostly in the range of −12 to −15‰, suggesting that live Spartina, "fresh" detritus, and benthic diatoms could be major carbon sources. Phytoplankton and other isotopically light carbon sources including "aged" detritus, bulk and "mineral" sediment, do not appear to be major carbon sources for mudflat organisms. We found Spartina detritus to be abundant both in sediments and suspended matter outside the salt marshes, but the δ 13C values of most of the detritus were much lighter (−17 to −20‰) than those of live Spartina. The mechanism of this isotopic alteration is not known and we were not able to demonstrate it clearly in laboratory experiments. Although the δ 13C method has helped to assess the relative importance of some isotopically distinct carbon sources, we were unable to detect any 13C enrichment in various trophic levels of mudflat organisms and benthic-feeding fish.Key words: stable carbon isotope ratio, detritus, decomposition, mudflat ecosystem, Pecks Cove, Bay of Fundy

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