Rhythm, Time, and Presence

Repetitive rhythm-oriented or groove-based music is specifically designed to usher the listener into a state of absorption or presence in the music. This chapter argues that this particular form of musical time originates with the repetition of a certain inner dynamics within the basic rhythmic pattern of the groove. The first part of the chapter presents structural and microrhythmic features that seem to be particularly impactful upon the listener’s state of groove absorption. The second part discusses the consequences of the fact that it is impossible to describe such an experience of musical time without stepping outside it. An initial observation is that in the very moment one starts to consider the state of being-in-the-groove, one’s state of being is changed.

Child Care Center Hand Hygiene Programs’ Cost-Effectiveness in Preventing Respiratory Infections

BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that a hand hygiene program, including hand sanitizer and educational measures, for day care center (DCC) staff, children, and parents was more effective than a soap-and-water program, with initial observation, in preventing respiratory infections (RIs) in children attending DCCs. We analyzed the cost-effectiveness of these programs in preventing RIs. METHODS A cluster, randomized, controlled and open study of 911 children aged 0 to 3 years, attending 24 DCCs in Almeria. Two intervention groups of DCC-families performed educational measures and hand hygiene, one with soap-and-water (SWG) and another with hand sanitizer (HSG). The control group (CG) followed usual hand-washing procedures. RI episodes, including symptoms, treatments, medical contacts, complementary analyses, and DCC absenteeism days, were reported by parents. A Bayesian cost-effectiveness model was developed. RESULTS There were 5201 RI episodes registered. The adjusted mean societal costs of RIs per child per study period were CG: €522.25 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 437.10 to 622.46); HSG: €374.53 (95% CI: 314.90 to 443.07); SWG: €494.51 (95% CI: 419.21 to 585.27). The indirect costs constituted between 35.7% to 43.6% of the total costs. Children belonging to the HSG had an average of 1.39 fewer RI episodes than the CG and 0.93 less than the SWG. It represents a saving of societal cost mean per child per study period of €147.72 and €119.15, respectively. The HSG intervention was dominant versus SWG and CG. CONCLUSIONS Hand hygiene programs that include hand sanitizer and educational measures for DCC staff, children, and parents are more effective and cost less than a program with soap and water and initial observation in children attending DCCs.

APPLICATION OF ARABIC LANGUAGE RULES TO STUDENTS OF SMA Al BALADUL AMIN KANDANGAN AND MA UMMUL QURA AMUNTAI

The research is intended to explore the application of Arabic language rules to students of SMA Al Baladul Amin Kandangan and MA Ummul Qura Amuntai. This study departs from the researcher's initial observation that many of the students are passive in Arabic. Some of them are active but the grammar is not good and some students have a lot of vocabulary but they cannot use them in speaking. In addition, many students find it difficult to learn Arabic, especially in memorizing vocabulary and learning grammar as well. The results of this study indicate that 1) Arabic vocabulary used by students is illustrated by; a) The suitability of the given vocabulary. The Arabic teacher of SMA al-Baladul Amin has provided vocabulary to his students by adjusting to the subject being studied and the daily needs of students in communicating among students. The Arabic teacher of MA Ummul Qura has given vocabulary to his students by adjusting to the subject being studied. b) The ability of students to memorize the given vocabulary. High school students al-Baladul Amin did not find it difficult to memorize Arabic vocabulary. Meanwhile, MA Ummul Qura students still find it difficult to memorize Arabic vocabulary. c) Students' ability to practice vocabulary. Al-Baladul Amin high school students are easy to practice Arabic vocabulary. Meanwhile, MA Ummul Qura students still have difficulty in practicing Arabic vocabulary. 2) Arabic grammar used by students is illustrated from; a) Procedures for teaching teachers to students about grammar. The Arabic teacher of SMA al-Baladul Amin teaches his students by giving an explanation first and then immediately putting it into practice. The Arabic teacher of MA Ummul Qura teaches his students by lecturing or explaining the grammar in Arabic and occasionally asking some students. b) Students' ability to understand grammar. Al-Baladul Amin High School students easily understand Arabic grammar. As for the MA Ummul Qura students, it is difficult to understand Arabic grammar. c) Students' ability to practice grammar.Key Words: Application, Rules in Arabic, and Arabic.

Towards Dialogic Metaphors of Learning – from Socialization to Authoring

The background of the article is an interest in theories of learning and the metaphors of learning they build on and propagate. The basic argument is that the discursive construction of learning plays a central role in theoretical perspectives in research but also in discussions of societal issues in a wider sense. An initial observation is that current metaphors of learning oscillate between emphasizing socializing/reproductive dimensions and perspectives which foreground new-thinking transformations of existing collective knowledge; the culturally given. Hence, our aim is to explore conceptions of learning underpinning dominant theoretical perspectives as behaviorism, cognitivism, pragmatism, and various sociocultural traditions, in the light of this theoretical tension. Our conclusion is that the views of communication and learning inherent to the radical dialogic perspective on communication that stresses the unfinalizable nature of knowing, offered by Bakhtin, add to our understanding of how learning may be conceptualized in contemporary society. Such a dialogic perspective, emphasizing open-ended agency, plurality of voices, and performative potentials of creatively expressing opinions when learning from each other, offers a perspective on learning worth considering in times of diversity, unpredictable risks, and the need for critical self-reflexivity.

Sosialisasi Wakaf Tunai Pada Majelis Taklim Istiqomah Kelurahan Tanjung Sari, Medan

This community service was carried out in the Majelis Taklim Istiqomah which is a maternal recitation group in Tanjung Sari Medan Village. This pemeral in the Majelis Taklim Istiqomah departed from the results of the research that had been carried out. The results of the study proved that the factors that included revenue, religiusity and knowledge had a positive and significant effect on the interest in cash in the congregation of the Majelis Taklim Istiqomah while the subjective norm factor had a negative and insignificant effect on the interest in cash in the congregation of the Majelis Taklim Istiqomah. Simultaneously, income factors, subjective norms, religiosity and knowledge influence the interest in working in cash in the jamaah Majelis Taklim Istiqomah. Revenue factors, subjective norms, religiusity and knowledge are able to explain the interest in cash in the pilgrims of the Majelis Taklim Istiqomah amounted to 65.6% while the remaining 34.4% is explained by other factors or variables which are not included in this study. From the initial observation and interview results with some members of the recitation and reinforced with the results of the research can be taken by a conclusion that the knowledge of the mothers of taklim assemblies about cash waqf still very low, can even be said to be very low, because they still argue that waqf only in the form of mosques, graves or schools. From these problems, the service team has socialized the cash waqf in the mothers of Majelis Taklim Istiqomah, and the socialization went smoothly and followed by being very enthusiastic about the the mothers of Majelis Taklim Istiqomah.

P14.14 Adjuvant treatment versus initial observation in newly diagnosed WHO grade II and grade III oligodendroglioma: real-life data from two academic, tertiary care centers in Austria

BACKGROUND Oligodendrogliomas are rare, slow-growing brain tumors with a survival prognosis of >10 years. Although adjuvant radio-chemotherapy has been shown to prolong survival, aggressive treatment comes at the cost of increased toxicity. Systematic data on the optimal timing of adjuvant treatment in oligodendroglioma are lacking. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients treated for a newly diagnosed IDH-mutated, 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendroglioma (WHO grades II/III) in 2000 - 2018 at the Medical University of Vienna or the Kepler University Hospital Linz (Austria) were included in this retrospective study. Adjuvant treatment was defined as radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy (CHT) or radio-chemotherapy (R-CHT) within 6 months after resection in the absence of progression. “Wait and see” was defined as regular follow up with magnetic resonance imaging and treatment at progression. RESULTS 185 patients were identified, comprising 123/185 (66.5%) WHO grade II and 62/185 (33.5%) WHO grade III oligodendrogliomas. Median age at diagnosis was 42 years (range: 20–82). Gross total resection (GTR) could be achieved in 77/178 (42.3%) evaluable patients. Adjuvant treatment was applied in 63/185 (38.2%) patients, of whom 43/63 (68.3%) underwent R-CHT, 9/63 (14.3%) CHT only and 11/63 (17.5%) RT only. 43/52 (82.7%) received temozolomide-based treatment, 1/52 (1.9%) procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine (PCV), 1/52 dacarbazine/fotemustine and in 7/52 (13.5%) patients, no data on used regimens was available. Adjuvant treatment was more frequently applied in WHO grade 3 tumors (p<0.001), while there was no association of adjuvant treatment with extent of resection (p=0.24). Patients after GTR who underwent adjuvant therapy presented with longer progression-free survival (PFS) compared to patients initially managed with observation (median: 150 months, 95%CI: 100 - not reached (n.r.) vs. median: 101 months, 95%CI: 73.2–115; p=0.053). In non-GTR tumors, patients with adjuvant therapy presented with a significantly longer median PFS of 107.5 months (95%CI: 62.8-n.r.) as compared to patients initially managed with observation (45.3 months, 95%CI: 41.2–78.8; p=0.025). CONCLUSION The application of adjuvant therapy was associated with favorable PFS in patients who underwent resection of newly diagnosed oligodendroglioma in this retrospective study. Prospective clinical trials should investigate the risks and benefits of adjuvant treatment versus initial observation in patients with oligodendroglioma.

The Pre-Metaphase Stretch: A Re-Examination

Pre-metaphase stretch is a term first coined by the preeminent cell biologist Sally Hughes-Schrader in 1950 to describe an elongation of prometaphase chromosomes observed in the primary spermatocytes of phasmid insects and praying mantids. Research from many groups since Hughes-Schrader’s initial observation has revealed reasons for both how and why chromosomes might elongate prior to metaphase. In this review, we describe Hughes-Schrader’s initial findings and discuss how recent work illuminates and provides some mechanistic explanation for this long-ago observed phenomenon.