The use of human epidermal keratinocytes in culture as a model for studying the biochemical mechanisms of sulfur mustard toxicity

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Smith ◽  
Clark L. Gross ◽  
Philip Chan ◽  
Henry L. Meier
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Human Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms

Effects of Sulfur Mustard on Cytokines Released from Cultured Human Epidermal Keratinocytes

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elien M. Kurt ◽  
Robert J. Schafer ◽  
Carmen M. Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Cytokine Release ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Human Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Factor Alpha

The release of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α was measured from epiderm alkeratinocytes in an attempt to characterize the immunologic response in keratinocytes following exposure to bis (2-chloroethyl)sulfide (sulfur mustard, HD). Enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay (ELISA) was used to measure cytokine levels in adult and neonatal culture human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) 3 h after exposure to 0.50 and 1.0 m M HD. A two-way analysis of variance was carried out for cell type and HD concentration. That analysis showed significant differences between cell types for IL-1α and IL-1β(p =.001 and p =.015, respectively). In both of these cytokines, release in neonatal HEK decreased less than in adult HEK. A significant effectof HD concentration was shown only for IL-1β (P <.001), with cytokine release decreasing with increasing HD dose. In addition, a significant cell donor type by HD concentration interaction effect was found for IL-1β under the experimental conditions described in materials and methods. With increasing HD concentration, the relative decrease in cytokine release was much greater for adult than for neonatal HEK.

Modulation of sulfur mustard induced cell death in human epidermal keratinocytes using IL-10 and TNF-α

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziz Qabar ◽  
Marian Nelson ◽  
Juanita Guzman ◽  
Charlene Corun ◽  
Bor-Jang Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Human Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Tnf Α

Comparison of Keratinocytes and Lymphocytes on Sulfur Mustard-Dependent Changes in Cell Yield and Viability

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-430
Author(s):  
Janet Moser ◽  
Henry L. Meier
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Propidium Iodide ◽  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Cell Yield ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Human Epidermal Keratinocytes

In comparing the effects of sulfur mustard (SM)-induced cell death in adult cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), we observed an SM concentration-and time-dependent loss of NHEK and PBL viability as measured by propidium iodide exclusion. By this parameter alone, PBL appeared more susceptible to SM-induced cytotoxi-city than NHEK, as previously reported. However, therewas a concentration-and time-dependent loss of NHEK yield that was not observed in PBL. Keratinocyte yield was approximately 46% and 8% of control cells at 12 and 24 hours, respectively, following exposure to 0.3 mM SM. The decrease in NHEK yield was associated with an increase in trypan blue-stained fragments observed on slides. Fragments were not observed on slides of SM-exposed PBL cultures. These results suggest that SM causes fragmentation of cultured NHEK and subsequently results in a lower cell yield. The fragmented dead NHEK are not included in the total cell count when percent viability is determined by propidium iodide exclusion. Therefore, cytotoxicity of SM in NHEK is greater than that reflected by dye exclusion alone. Actual viable cell count, which considers both propidium iodide exclusion and cellyield, indicates NHEK are more susceptible than PBL to SM-induced cytotoxicity, contrary to previously published reports. Cell yield must be taken into account when using in vitro models to study not only viability, but also any quantitative biochemical changes induced by SM.

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