propidium iodide
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Author(s):  
Natália Emerim Lemos ◽  
Cristine Dieter ◽  
Mariela Granero Farias ◽  
Jakeline Rheinheimer ◽  
Bianca Marmontel de Souza ◽  
...  

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6435
Author(s):  
Miguel Cardoso ◽  
Ana Coelho ◽  
Carlos Miguel Marto ◽  
Ana Cristina Gonçalves ◽  
Anabela Paula ◽  
...  

This study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity of commercially available adhesive strategies—etch-and-rinse (Adper™ Scotchbond™ 1 XT, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA, SB1), self-etch (Clearfil™ SE Bond 2, Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Tokyo, Japan, CSE), and universal (Scotchbond™ Universal, 3M Deutschland GmbH, Neuss, Germany, SBU). MDPC-23 cells were exposed to adhesives extracts in different concentrations and exposure times. To access cell metabolic activity, viability, types of cell death, and cell cycle, the MTT assay, SRB assay, double labeling with annexin V and propidium iodide, and labeling with propidium iodide/RNAse were performed, respectively. Cultures were stained with May-Grünwald Giemsa for qualitative cytotoxicity assessment. The SB1, CSE, and SBU extracts determined a significant reduction in cell metabolism and viability. This reduction was higher for prolonged exposures, even for less concentrated extracts. CSE extracts significantly reduced the cell’s metabolic activity at higher concentrations (50% and 100%) from 2 h of exposure. After 24 and 96 h, a metabolic activity reduction was verified for all adhesives, even at lower concentrations. These changes were dependent on the adhesive, its concentration, and the incubation time. Regarding cell viability, SBU extracts were the least cytotoxic, and CSE was significantly more cytotoxic than SB1 and SBU. The adhesives determined a reduction in viable cells and an increase in apoptotic, late apoptosis/necrosis, and necrotic cells. Moreover, on cultures exposed to SB1 and CSE extracts, a decrease in the cells in S and G2/M phases and an increase in the cells in G0/G1 phase was observed. Exposure to SBU led to an increase of cells in the S phase. In general, all adhesives determined cytotoxicity. CSE extracts were the most cytotoxic and were classified as having a higher degree of reactivity, leading to more significant inhibition of cell growth and destruction of the cell’s layers.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdong Wei ◽  
Markus Reinholz ◽  
Lars E. French ◽  
Benjamin M. Clanner-Engelshofen

Abstract Background: The Corona pandemic fuelled up skin pathogen challenges in young and adults, the antimicrobial efficacy of laundry detergents could be considered particularly. However, no available data focusing on the form of laundry detergent, additives and conditions affect the antimicrobial efficacy. This study simulated washing procedures to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of laundry detergents.Methods and Results: Mimic laundry procedures were performed to treat Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungus, colony counting and propidium iodide staining were used to assess the antimicrobial activity. Powder detergent A, NaBO3*4H2O with the tetraacetylethylenediamine, 2Na2co3.3H2O with tetraacetylethylenediamine could achieve a > 5-log10 reduction of three microbial colony generation. Anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (SDBS) group had the strongest fluorescence intensity in three microbial propidium iodide staining.Conclusions: Powder form laundry detergents are superior to liquid form, peroxide-based bleaches and bleach activator in solid form, the solid surfactants with matched PH and alkyl chain length showed a considerable antimicrobial effect.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kahkashan Bansal ◽  
Anjali Rajwar ◽  
Himanshu Shekhar ◽  
Dhiraj Bhatia

DNA nanotechnology utilizes DNA as a structural molecule to design palette of nanostructures with different shapes and sizes. DNA nanocages have demonstrated significant potential for drug delivery. Therefore, enhancing the delivery of DNA nanocages into cells can improve their efficacy as drug delivery agents. Numerous studies have reported the effects of ultrasound for enhancing drug delivery across biological barriers. The mechanical bioeffects caused by cell-ultrasound interaction can cause sonoporation, leading to enhanced uptake of drugs, nanoparticles, and chemotherapeutic agents through membranes. Whether ultrasound exposure can enhance the delivery of DNA nanocages has not been explored, which is the focus of this study. Specifically, we investigated the effects of ultrasound on the cellular uptake of propidium Iodide, fluorescent dextrans, and DNA nanostructures). We provide evidence of modulation of pore formation in the cell membrane by ultrasound by studying the intracellular uptake of the impermeable dye, propidium iodide. Treatment of cells with low amplitudes of ultrasound enhanced the uptake of different sizes of dextrans and DNA based nanodevices. These findings could serve as the foundation for further development ultrasound-enabled DNA nanostructure delivery and for specific understanding of underlying biological mechanisms of interaction between ultrasound parameters and cellular components; the knowledge that can be further explored for potential biological and biomedical applications.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Kang He ◽  
Zong-xiu Luo ◽  
Xiao-ming Cai ◽  
Lei Bian ◽  
...  

Ectropis obliqua and Ectropis grisescens are two sibling moth species of tea plantations in China. The male antennae of both species can detect shared and specific sex pheromone components. Thus, the primary olfactory center, i.e., the antennal lobe (AL), plays a vital role in distinguishing the sex pheromones. To provide evidence for the possible mechanism allowing this distinction, in this study, we compared the macroglomerular complex (MGC) of the AL between the males of the two species by immunostaining using presynaptic antibody and propidium iodide (PI) with antennal backfills, and confocal imaging and digital 3D-reconstruction. The results showed that MGC of both E. obliqua and E. grisescens contained five glomeruli at invariant positions between the species. However, the volumes of the anterior-lateral glomerulus (ALG) and posterior-ventral (PV) glomerulus differed between the species, possibly related to differences in sensing sex pheromone compounds and their ratios between E. obliqua and E. grisescens. Our results provide an important basis for the mechanism of mating isolation between these sibling moth species.


Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 900
Author(s):  
Arthika Manoharan ◽  
Samantha Ognenovska ◽  
Denis Paino ◽  
Greg Whiteley ◽  
Trevor Glasbey ◽  
...  

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect more than 150 million individuals annually. A strong correlation exists between bladder epithelia invasion by uropathogenic bacteria and patients with recurrent UTIs. Intracellular bacteria often recolonise epithelial cells post-antibiotic treatment. We investigated whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could prevent uropathogenic E. coli and E. faecalis bladder cell invasion, in addition to its effect on uropathogens when used alone or in combination with ciprofloxacin. Methods: An invasion assay was performed in which bacteria were added to bladder epithelial cells (BECs) in presence of NAC and invasion was allowed to occur. Cells were washed with gentamicin, lysed, and plated for enumeration of the intracellular bacterial load. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by exposing BECs to various concentrations of NAC and quantifying the metabolic activity using resazurin at different exposure times. The effect of NAC on the preformed biofilms was also investigated by treating 48 h biofilms for 24 h and enumerating colony counts. Bacteria were stained with propidium iodide (PI) to measure membrane damage. Results: NAC completely inhibited BEC invasion by multiple E. coli and E. faecalis clinical strains in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.01). This was also evident when bacterial invasion was visualised using GFP-tagged E. coli. NAC displayed no cytotoxicity against BECs despite its intrinsic acidity (pH ~2.6), with >90% cellular viability 48 h post-exposure. NAC also prevented biofilm formation by E. coli and E. faecalis and significantly reduced bacterial loads in 48 h biofilms when combined with ciprofloxacin. NAC visibly damaged E. coli and E. faecalis bacterial membranes, with a threefold increase in propidium iodide-stained cells following treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusions: NAC is a non-toxic, antibiofilm agent in vitro and can prevent cell invasion and IBC formation by uropathogens, thus providing a potentially novel and efficacious treatment for UTIs. When combined with an antibiotic, it may disrupt bacterial biofilms and eliminate residual bacteria.


Author(s):  
A. Dicitore ◽  
D. Saronni ◽  
G. Gaudenzi ◽  
S. Carra ◽  
M. C. Cantone ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose First-generation somatostatin analogs, octreotide (OCT) and lanreotide, are the cornerstone for the medical treatment of growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary tumors. A new multireceptor analog, such as pasireotide (PAS), showed better activity than OCT in long-term treatment of patients with acromegaly, but modulation of intracellular key processes is still unclear in vitro. In this study, we evaluated the antitumor activity of OCT and PAS in two GH-secreting pituitary tumor cell lines, GH3 and GH4C1, after a long-term incubation. Methods The effects of PAS and OCT on the cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, GH secretion, and tumor-induced angiogenesis have been evaluated through a colorimetric method (MTS Assay), DNA flow cytometry with propidium iodide, and Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining, ELISA assay and zebrafish platform, respectively. Results PAS showed a more potent antitumor activity compared to OCT in GH3 cell line exerted through inhibition of cell viability, perturbation of cell cycle progression, and induction of apoptosis after 6 days of incubation. A concomitant decrease in GH secretion has been observed after 2 days of incubation only with PAS. No effect on tumor-induced angiogenesis has been reported after treatment with OCT or PAS in zebrafish/tumor xenograft model. Conclusion Long-term incubation with PAS showed a more potent antitumor activity than that reported after OCT in GH3 cells, mainly modulated by a cell cycle perturbation and a relevant induction in apoptosis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yabin Zhang ◽  
Weihua Fan ◽  
Chunhong Shao ◽  
Jiajia Wang ◽  
Yan Jin ◽  
...  

Due to the broad-spectrum antibiotic usage and empirical treatments, the pathogenic bacterium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, has shown extremely high detection rates at hospitals with an increasing antibiotic resistance. Therefore, rapid detection of the antibiotic resistance is urgently required and essential for effective treatments. In this study, we evaluated the performance of a newly developed method for ultra-rapid detection of antibiotic resistance in 30–60 min in K. pneumoniae by using the SYBR Green I and propidium iodide (PI) staining. A total of 100 clinical isolates were tested for antibiotic resistance using four different antibiotics (ceftriaxone, cefepime, meropenem, and ciprofloxacin). The results showed that the SYBR Green I/PI rapid antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) could reliably detect antibiotic resistance to the four drugs in 60 min, and the results were highly concordant with the conventional AST (i.e., Kirby-Bauer method and broth microdilution method) for detection of ceftriaxone, cefepime, meropenem, and ciprofloxacin resistance with a high accuracy of 99, 96, 96, and 93%, respectively. Therefore, the rapid AST established in our study helps to enable targeted therapy to save lives and reduce the empirical use of antibiotics and ultimately the health and economic burdens of antibiotic resistance.


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