Chlorophyll biosynthesis in higher plants. Regulatory aspects of 5-aminolevulinate formation

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon P. Gough ◽  
Tomas Westergren ◽  
Mats Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Regulatory Aspects

Recent advances in chlorophyll biosynthesis and breakdown in higher plants

2004 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Eckhardt ◽  
Bernhard Grimm ◽  
Stefan H�rtensteiner
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Recent Advances

Metabolism of Chlorophyll in Higher Plants V. Chlorophyll Biosynthesis in Nicotiana Callus

1981 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Kato ◽  
Seki Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis

Chlorophyll a biosynthesis

1976 ◽  
Vol 273 (924) ◽  
pp. 207-225 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Chlorophyll Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Reaction ◽  
Etiolated Leaves ◽  
Regulatory Aspects ◽  
Vinyl Group ◽  
Chlorophyll A Biosynthesis ◽  
Monomethyl Ester

Protoporphyrin IX is believed to be an intermediate common to both haem and chlorophyll biosynthesis. The pathway specific to chlorophyll starts with magnesium protoporphyrin and its monomethyl ester. Two routes have been proposed for conversion of the latter compound to protochlorophyllide: A, formation of the isocyclic ring followed by reduction of the 4-vinyl group, or B, reduction of the 4-vinyl group followed by formation of the isocyclic ring. Membranes prepared from isolated barley etioplasts are found to convert magnesium 2,4-divinylphaeoporphyrin a 5 monomethyl ester to chlorophyllide a at a rate equal to that of chlorophyll synthesis in intact leaves: this result supports route A. NADPH is necessary to maintain the two successive reductive steps: reduction of the 4-vinyl group and then the photoreduction of ring IV to yield chlorophyllide. The prohaem content of etiolated leaves does not increase during the phase of active chlorophyll synthesis although evidence is presented that suggests that the ALA synthesis reaction that regulates chlorophyll synthesis is common to both pathways. This and other regulatory aspects are discussed.

Protochlorophyll and Chlorophyll Biosynthesis in Cell-Free Systems from Higher Plants

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin A. Rebeiz ◽  
Paul A. Castelfranco
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Chlorophyll Biosynthesis in a Cell-free System from Higher Plants

1971 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin A. Rebeiz ◽  
Paul A. Castelfranco
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Free System ◽  
Cell Free System ◽  
A Cell

scholarly journals A Data-Independent-Acquisition-based proteomic approach towards understanding the acclimation strategy of Microchloropsis gaditana CCMP526 in hypersaline conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anbarasu Karthikaichamy ◽  
John Beardall ◽  
Ross Coppel ◽  
Santosh Noronha ◽  
Dieter Bulach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Strain Engineering ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Practical Salinity Unit ◽  
Salinity Levels

Salinity is one of the significant factors that affect growth and cellular metabolism, including photosynthesis and lipid accumulation, in microalgae and higher plants. Microchloropsis gaditana CCMP526 can acclimatize to different salinity levels by accumulating compatible solutes, carbohydrates, and lipids as an energy storage molecule. We used proteomics to understand the molecular basis for acclimation of M. gaditana to increased salinity levels (55 and 100 PSU (Practical Salinity Unit). Correspondence analysis (CA) was used for the identification of salinity-responsive proteins (SRPs). The highest number of altered proteins was observed in 100 PSU. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed a separate path of acclimation for cells exposed to 55 and 100 PSU. Osmolyte and lipid biosynthesis was up-regulated in high saline conditions. However, concomitantly lipid oxidation pathways were also up-regulated at high saline conditions, providing acetyl-CoA for energy metabolism through the TCA cycle. Carbon fixation and photosynthesis were tightly regulated, while chlorophyll biosynthesis was affected under high salinity conditions. Importantly, temporal proteome analysis of salinity-challenged M. gaditana revealed vital salinity-responsive proteins which could be used for strain engineering for improved salinity resistance.

Hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen isotopic fractionations during chlorophyll biosynthesis in C3 higher plants

2005 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 911-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshito Chikaraishi ◽  
Kohei Matsumoto ◽  
Nanako O. Ogawa ◽  
Hisami Suga ◽  
Hiroshi Kitazato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

scholarly journals Mg-Protoporphyrin IX and Heme Control HEMA, the Gene Encoding the First Specific Step of Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis, in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1620-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinaida Vasileuskaya ◽  
Ulrike Oster ◽  
Christoph F. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Mrna Accumulation ◽  
Specific Step

ABSTRACT HEMA encodes glutamyl-tRNA reductase (GluTR), which catalyzes the first step specific for tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in plants, archaea, and most eubacteria. In higher plants, GluTR is feedback inhibited by heme and intermediates of chlorophyll biosynthesis. It plays a key role in controlling flux through the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway. This enzyme, which in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is encoded by a single gene (HEMA), exhibits homology to GluTRs of higher plants and cyanobacteria. HEMA mRNA accumulation was inducible not only by light but also by treatment of dark-adapted cells with Mg-protoporphyrin IX (MgProto) or hemin. The specificity of these tetrapyrroles as inducers was demonstrated by the absence of induction observed upon the feeding of protoporphyrin IX, the precursor of both heme and MgProto, or chlorophyllide. The HEMA mRNA accumulation following treatment of cells with light and hemin was accompanied by increased amounts of GluTR. However, the feeding of MgProto did not suggest a role for Mg-tetrapyrroles in posttranscriptional regulation. The induction by light but not that by the tetrapyrroles was prevented by inhibition of cytoplasmic protein synthesis. Since MgProto is synthesized exclusively in plastids and heme is synthesized in plastids and mitochondria, the data suggest a role of these compounds as organellar signals that control expression of the nuclear HEMA gene.

Chlorophyll Biosynthesis in Higher Plants

2011 ◽  
pp. 63-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baishnab C. Tripathy ◽  
Gopal K. Pattanayak
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document