scholarly journals A Data-Independent-Acquisition-based proteomic approach towards understanding the acclimation strategy of Microchloropsis gaditana CCMP526 in hypersaline conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anbarasu Karthikaichamy ◽  
John Beardall ◽  
Ross Coppel ◽  
Santosh Noronha ◽  
Dieter Bulach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Strain Engineering ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Practical Salinity Unit ◽  
Salinity Levels

Salinity is one of the significant factors that affect growth and cellular metabolism, including photosynthesis and lipid accumulation, in microalgae and higher plants. Microchloropsis gaditana CCMP526 can acclimatize to different salinity levels by accumulating compatible solutes, carbohydrates, and lipids as an energy storage molecule. We used proteomics to understand the molecular basis for acclimation of M. gaditana to increased salinity levels (55 and 100 PSU (Practical Salinity Unit). Correspondence analysis (CA) was used for the identification of salinity-responsive proteins (SRPs). The highest number of altered proteins was observed in 100 PSU. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed a separate path of acclimation for cells exposed to 55 and 100 PSU. Osmolyte and lipid biosynthesis was up-regulated in high saline conditions. However, concomitantly lipid oxidation pathways were also up-regulated at high saline conditions, providing acetyl-CoA for energy metabolism through the TCA cycle. Carbon fixation and photosynthesis were tightly regulated, while chlorophyll biosynthesis was affected under high salinity conditions. Importantly, temporal proteome analysis of salinity-challenged M. gaditana revealed vital salinity-responsive proteins which could be used for strain engineering for improved salinity resistance.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of the Photosynthetic, Respiration, and Aerenchyma Adaptation Strategies in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) under Different Submergence Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7905
Author(s):  
Zhongxun Yuan ◽  
Xilu Ni ◽  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Zhi Dong ◽  
Limiao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Aerenchyma Formation ◽  
Submergence Stress ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

Submergence impedes photosynthesis and respiration but facilitates aerenchyma formation in bermudagrass. Still, the regulatory genes underlying these physiological responses are unclear in the literature. To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to these physiological mechanisms, we studied the expression of DEGs in aboveground and underground tissues of bermudagrass after a 7 d treatment under control (CK), shallow submergence (SS), and deep submergence (DS). Results show that compared with CK, 12276 and 12559 DEGs were identified under SS and DS, respectively. Among them, the DEGs closely related to the metabolism of chlorophyll biosynthesis, light-harvesting, protein complex, and carbon fixation were down-regulated in SS and DS. Meanwhile, a large number of DEGs involved in starch and sucrose hydrolase activities, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation were down-regulated in aboveground tissues of bermudagrass in SS and DS. Whereas in underground tissues of bermudagrass these DEGs were all up-regulated under SS, only beta-fructofuranosidase and α-amylase related genes were up-regulated under DS. In addition, we found that DEGs associated with ethylene signaling, Ca2+-ROS signaling, and cell wall modification were also up-regulated during aerenchyma formation in underground tissues of bermudagrass under SS and DS. These results provide the basis for further exploration of the regulatory and functional genes related to the adaptability of bermudagrass to submergence.

scholarly journals High Rates of Ecosytem Metabolism in Five Western Rivers

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Robert Hall ◽  
Jennifer Tank ◽  
Michelle Baker ◽  
Emma Rosi-Marshall ◽  
Michael Grace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Total Rate ◽  
Global Carbon

Primary production and respiration are core functions of river ecosystems that in part determine the carbon balance. Gross primary production (GPP) is the total rate of carbon fixation by autotrophs such as algae and higher plants and is equivalent to photosynthesis. Ecosystem respiration (ER) measures rate at which organic carbon is mineralized to CO2 by all organisms in an ecosystem. Together these fluxes can indicate the base of the food web to support animal production (Marcarelli et al. 2011), can predict the cycling of other elements (Hall and Tank 2003), and can link ecosystems to global carbon cycling (Cole et al. 2007).

Comparative whey proteome analysis of small-tailed Han and DairyMeade ovine milk

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Urhan Bai ◽  
Xiaohu Su ◽  
Zhong Zheng ◽  
Liguo Zhang ◽  
Ying Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland Development ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Tandem Mass Tag ◽  
Proteome Profile ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Gland Development

Abstract We characterized the proteome profile of mid-lactation small-tailed Han (STH) and DairyMeade (DM) ovine milk in order to explore physiological variation and differences in milk traits between the two breeds. Methodology combined a tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomic approach with LC-MS/MS technology. A total of 656 proteins were identified in STH and DM ovine milk, of which 17and 29 proteins were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) in STH and DM, respectively. Immune-related proteins and disease-related proteins were highly expressed in STH milk, whereas S100A2 and AEBP1 were highly expressed in DM milk, which had beneficial effects on mammary gland development and milk yield. Our results provide a theoretical basis for future breeding of dairy sheep.

Recent advances in chlorophyll biosynthesis and breakdown in higher plants

2004 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Eckhardt ◽  
Bernhard Grimm ◽  
Stefan H�rtensteiner
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Recent Advances

scholarly journals Proteome Analysis of Streptococcus thermophilus Grown in Milk Reveals Pyruvate Formate-Lyase as the Major Upregulated Protein

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 8597-8605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylviane Derzelle ◽  
Alexander Bolotin ◽  
Michel-Yves Mistou ◽  
Françoise Rul
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Exponential Growth Phase ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Acid Product ◽  
Pyruvate Formate Lyase ◽  
Proteomic Approach

ABSTRACT We investigated the adaptation to milk of Streptococcus thermophilus LMG18311 using a proteomic approach. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of cytosolic proteins were performed after growth in M17 medium or in milk. A major modification of the proteome concerned proteins involved in the supply of amino acids, like the peptidase PepX, and several enzymes involved in amino acid biosynthesis. In parallel, we observed the upregulation of the synthesis of seven enzymes directly involved in the synthesis of purines, as well as formyl-tetrahydrofolate (THF) synthetase and serine hydroxy-methyl transferase, two enzymes responsible for the synthesis of compounds (THF and glycine, respectively) feeding the purine biosynthetic pathway. The analysis also revealed a massive increase in the synthesis of pyruvate formate-lyase (PFL), the enzyme which converts pyruvate into acetyl coenzyme A and formate. PFL has been essentially studied for its role in mixed-acid product formation in lactic acid bacteria during anaerobic fermentation. However, formate is an important methyl group donor for anabolic pathway through the formation of folate derivates. We hypothesized that PFL was involved in purine biosynthesis during growth in milk. We showed that PFL expression was regulated at the transcriptional level and that pfl transcription occurred during the exponential growth phase in milk. The complementation of milk with formate or purine bases was shown to reduce pfl expression, to suppress PFL synthesis, and to stimulate growth of S. thermophilus. These results show a novel regulatory mechanism controlling the synthesis of PFL and suggest an unrecognized physiological role for PFL as a formate supplier for anabolic purposes.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Bacillus subtilis to growth at low temperature: a combined transcriptomic and proteomic appraisal

Microbiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Budde ◽  
Leif Steil ◽  
Christian Scharf ◽  
Uwe Völker ◽  
Erhard Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Regulatory Circuit ◽  
Proteomic Approach

The soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis frequently encounters a reduction in temperature in its natural habitats. Here, a combined transcriptomic and proteomic approach has been used to analyse the adaptational responses of B. subtilis to low temperature. Propagation of B. subtilis in minimal medium at 15 °C triggered the induction of 279 genes and the repression of 301 genes in comparison to cells grown at 37 °C. The analysis thus revealed profound adjustments in the overall gene expression profile in chill-adapted cells. Important transcriptional changes in low-temperature-grown cells comprise the induction of the SigB-controlled general stress regulon, the induction of parts of the early sporulation regulons (SigF, SigE and SigG) and the induction of a regulatory circuit (RapA/PhrA and Opp) that is involved in the fine-tuning of the phosphorylation status of the Spo0A response regulator. The analysis of chill-stress-repressed genes revealed reductions in major catabolic (glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, ATP synthesis) and anabolic routes (biosynthesis of purines, pyrimidines, haem and fatty acids) that likely reflect the slower growth rates at low temperature. Low-temperature repression of part of the SigW regulon and of many genes with predicted functions in chemotaxis and motility was also noted. The proteome analysis of chill-adapted cells indicates a major contribution of post-transcriptional regulation phenomena in adaptation to low temperature. Comparative analysis of the previously reported transcriptional responses of cold-shocked B. subtilis cells with this data revealed that cold shock and growth in the cold constitute physiologically distinct phases of the adaptation of B. subtilis to low temperature.

Proteomic approach to characterize the supramolecular organization of photosystems in higher plants

2004 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 1683-1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesco Heinemeyer ◽  
Holger Eubel ◽  
Dirk Wehmhöner ◽  
Lothar Jänsch ◽  
Hans-Peter Braun
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Supramolecular Organization ◽  
Proteomic Approach

scholarly journals Identification of Protein Changes in The Urine of Hypothyroid Patients Treated with Thyroxine Using Proteomics Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afshan Masood ◽  
Hicham Benabdelkamel ◽  
Anwar A Jammah ◽  
Aishah A Ekhzaimy ◽  
Assim A Alfadda
Keyword(s):  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Molecular Transport ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Differential Abundance ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Proteomics Approach ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients ◽  
Differentially Abundant Proteins

Abstract Background The thyroid gland and thyroid hormones control a multitude of homeostatic functions including the functions kidney related to fluid and electrolyte balance and formation of urine. In the present study we aimed to define changes in the urinary proteome characterizing alterations in thyroid hormone status.Methods An untargeted proteomic approach with network analysis was used to study 9 age-matched subjects with newly diagnosed overt hypothyroidism. Urine was collected from subjects pre and post L-thyroxine treatment. Proteome analysis was performed using two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry.Results 42 proteins were found to have significant differential abundance (≥1.5-fold change, ANOVA, p ≤ 0.05). 28 proteins were upregulated and 14 proteins were downregulated in the hypothyroid compared to the euthyroid state. The differentially abundant proteins investigated by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed involvement of signaling pathways related to MAPK Kinase, VEGF, Pi3 Kinase/Akt, Pkc, and nvolvement of pathway related to amino acid metabolism, molecular transport, small molecule biochemistry.Conclusions The differentially abundant proteins identified revealed their involvement in regulating TH and Tg metabolism. The alterations in levels of identified proteins in indicate a compensatory increase in the regulation of Tg to increase circulating TH levels in the hypothyroid state.

scholarly journals iTRAQ-based comparative proteomic analysis of differences in the protein profiles of stems and leaves from two alfalfa genotypes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Sun ◽  
Jie Yu ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Junmei Kang ◽  
Mingna Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Development ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Chlorophyll Synthesis ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Proteomic Study

Abstract Background: To explore the molecular regulatory mechanisms of early stem and leaf development, proteomic analysis was performed on leaves and stems of F genotype alfalfa, with thin stems and small leaves, and M genotype alfalfa, with thick stems and large leaves.Results: Based on fold-change thresholds of >1.20 or <0.83 (p<0.05), a large number of proteins were identified as being differentially enriched between the M and F genotypes: 249 downregulated and 139 upregulated in stems and 164 downregulated and 134 upregulated in leaves. The differentially enriched proteins in stems were mainly involved in amino acid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, carbon fixation, and phenylalanine metabolism. The differentially enriched proteins in leaves were mainly involved in porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. Six differentially enriched proteins were mapped onto the porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism pathway in leaves of the M genotype, including five upregulated proteins involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and one downregulated protein involved in chlorophyll degradation. Eleven differentially enriched proteins were mapped onto the phenylpropanoid pathway in stems of the M genotype, including two upregulated proteins and nine downregulated proteins. Conclusion: Enhanced chlorophyll synthesis and decreased lignin synthesis provided a reasonable explanation for the larger leaves and lower levels of stem lignification in M genotype alfalfa. This proteomic study aimed to classify the functions of differentially enriched proteins and to provide information on the molecular regulatory networks involved in stem and leaf development.

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