scholarly journals Do HbA1c levels and the self-monitoring of blood glucose levels adequately reflect glycaemic control during pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Diabetologia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kerssen ◽  
H. W. de Valk ◽  
G. H. A. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Hba1c Levels

scholarly journals The Effect of a Short Sprint on Postexercise Whole-Body Glucose Production and Utilization Rates in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 4193-4200 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Fahey ◽  
N. Paramalingam ◽  
R. J. Davey ◽  
E. A. Davis ◽  
T. W. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Context: Recently we showed that a 10-sec maximal sprint effort performed before or after moderate intensity exercise can prevent early hypoglycemia during recovery in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the mechanisms underlying this protective effect of sprinting are still unknown. Objective: The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that short duration sprinting increases blood glucose levels via a disproportionate increase in glucose rate of appearance (Ra) relative to glucose rate of disappearance (Rd). Subjects and Experimental Design: Eight T1DM participants were subjected to a euglycemic-euinsulinemic clamp and, together with nondiabetic participants, were infused with [6,6-2H]glucose before sprinting for 10 sec and allowed to recover for 2 h. Results: In response to sprinting, blood glucose levels increased by 1.2 ± 0.2 mmol/liter (P < 0.05) within 30 min of recovery in T1DM participants and remained stable afterward, whereas glycemia rose by only 0.40 ± 0.05 mmol/liter in the nondiabetic group. During recovery, glucose Ra did not change in both groups (P > 0.05), but glucose Rd in the nondiabetic and diabetic participants fell rapidly after exercise before returning within 30 min to preexercise levels. After sprinting, the levels of plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, and GH rose transiently in both experimental groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: A sprint as short as 10 sec can increase plasma glucose levels in nondiabetic and T1DM individuals, with this rise resulting from a transient decline in glucose Rd rather than from a disproportionate rise in glucose Ra relative to glucose Rd as reported with intense aerobic exercise.

scholarly journals The Association Between HbA1c and Time in Hypoglycemia During CGM and Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in People With Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple Daily Insulin Injections: A Randomized Clinical Trial (GOLD-4)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilan Seyed Ahmadi ◽  
Klara Westman ◽  
Aldina Pivodic ◽  
Arndís F Ólafsdóttir ◽  
Sofia Dahlqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Conventional Therapy ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Daily Insulin ◽  
Multiple Daily Insulin Injections ◽  
Mean Glucose ◽  
Hba1c Levels

<b><i>Objective: </i></b>According to recent guidelines, individuals with type 1 diabetes should spend less than 4.0% per day with glucose levels <3.9 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL) and less than 1.0% per day <3.0 mmol/L (<54 mg/dL). <p><b><i><br> Research methods: </i></b>In the GOLD randomised cross-over trial, 161 individuals with type 1 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) were randomised to Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) or conventional therapy with self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and evaluated over 16 months. We estimated the association between time spent in hypoglycaemia and various mean glucose and HbA1c levels.</p> <p> </p> <p><b><i>Results: </i></b>Time spent in hypoglycaemia (<3.9 mmol/L and <3.0 mmol/L) increased significantly with lower mean HbA1c and mean glucose levels during both CGM and conventional therapy. During CGM, 24 (57.1%) individuals with HbA1c <7.5 % (<58 mmol/mol) had <1.0% time spent in hypoglycaemia <3.0 mmol/L and 23 (54.8%) had <4.0% time spent in hypoglycaemia <3.9 mmol/L. During CGM, mean time spent in hypoglycaemia for individuals with mean HbA1c 7.0% (52 mmol/mol) was estimated to be 5.4% for <3.9 mmol/L and 1.5% for <3.0 mmol/L. The corresponding values during SMBG were 9.2% and 3.5%, respectively. Individuals with mean glucose levels of 8 mmol/L spent 4.9% more time with glucose levels <3.9 mmol/L and 2.8% more time <3.0 mmol/L during SMBG compared with CGM.</p> <p> </p> <p><b><i>Conclusions: </i></b>Reaching current targets for time in hypoglycaemia and at the same time HbA1c targets is challenging for type 1 diabetes patients treated with MDI both with CGM and SMBG monitoring. However, CGM is associated with considerably less time in hypoglycaemia than SMBG at a broad range of HbA1c levels and is crucial for patients with MDI treatment to have a chance to approach hypoglycaemia targets.</p>

scholarly journals The Association Between HbA1c and Time in Hypoglycemia During CGM and Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in People With Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple Daily Insulin Injections: A Randomized Clinical Trial (GOLD-4)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilan Seyed Ahmadi ◽  
Klara Westman ◽  
Aldina Pivodic ◽  
Arndís F Ólafsdóttir ◽  
Sofia Dahlqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Conventional Therapy ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Daily Insulin ◽  
Multiple Daily Insulin Injections ◽  
Mean Glucose ◽  
Hba1c Levels

<b><i>Objective: </i></b>According to recent guidelines, individuals with type 1 diabetes should spend less than 4.0% per day with glucose levels <3.9 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL) and less than 1.0% per day <3.0 mmol/L (<54 mg/dL). <p><b><i><br> Research methods: </i></b>In the GOLD randomised cross-over trial, 161 individuals with type 1 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) were randomised to Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) or conventional therapy with self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and evaluated over 16 months. We estimated the association between time spent in hypoglycaemia and various mean glucose and HbA1c levels.</p> <p> </p> <p><b><i>Results: </i></b>Time spent in hypoglycaemia (<3.9 mmol/L and <3.0 mmol/L) increased significantly with lower mean HbA1c and mean glucose levels during both CGM and conventional therapy. During CGM, 24 (57.1%) individuals with HbA1c <7.5 % (<58 mmol/mol) had <1.0% time spent in hypoglycaemia <3.0 mmol/L and 23 (54.8%) had <4.0% time spent in hypoglycaemia <3.9 mmol/L. During CGM, mean time spent in hypoglycaemia for individuals with mean HbA1c 7.0% (52 mmol/mol) was estimated to be 5.4% for <3.9 mmol/L and 1.5% for <3.0 mmol/L. The corresponding values during SMBG were 9.2% and 3.5%, respectively. Individuals with mean glucose levels of 8 mmol/L spent 4.9% more time with glucose levels <3.9 mmol/L and 2.8% more time <3.0 mmol/L during SMBG compared with CGM.</p> <p> </p> <p><b><i>Conclusions: </i></b>Reaching current targets for time in hypoglycaemia and at the same time HbA1c targets is challenging for type 1 diabetes patients treated with MDI both with CGM and SMBG monitoring. However, CGM is associated with considerably less time in hypoglycaemia than SMBG at a broad range of HbA1c levels and is crucial for patients with MDI treatment to have a chance to approach hypoglycaemia targets.</p>

Relaxation training significantly reduced blood glucose levels in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

HORMONES ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222
Author(s):  
Antonia A. Paschali ◽  
Lily Εvangelia Peppou ◽  
Marianna Benroubi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Relaxation Training ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

scholarly journals The association between HbA1c and time in hypoglycaemia during CGM and self-monitoring of blood glucose in persons with type 1 diabetes and multiple daily insulin injections: A Randomised Clinical Trial (GOLD-study 4)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilan Seyed Ahmadi ◽  
Klara Westman ◽  
Aldina Pivodic ◽  
Arndís F Ólafsdóttir ◽  
Sofia Dahlqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Conventional Therapy ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Daily Insulin ◽  
Multiple Daily Insulin Injections ◽  
Mean Glucose ◽  
Hba1c Levels

<b><i>Objective: </i></b>According to recent guidelines, individuals with type 1 diabetes should spend less than 4.0% per day with glucose levels <3.9 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL) and less than 1.0% per day <3.0 mmol/L (<54 mg/dL). <p><b><i><br> Research methods: </i></b>In the GOLD randomised cross-over trial, 161 individuals with type 1 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) were randomised to Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) or conventional therapy with self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and evaluated over 16 months. We estimated the association between time spent in hypoglycaemia and various mean glucose and HbA1c levels.</p> <p> </p> <p><b><i>Results: </i></b>Time spent in hypoglycaemia (<3.9 mmol/L and <3.0 mmol/L) increased significantly with lower mean HbA1c and mean glucose levels during both CGM and conventional therapy. During CGM, 24 (57.1%) individuals with HbA1c <7.5 % (<58 mmol/mol) had <1.0% time spent in hypoglycaemia <3.0 mmol/L and 23 (54.8%) had <4.0% time spent in hypoglycaemia <3.9 mmol/L. During CGM, mean time spent in hypoglycaemia for individuals with mean HbA1c 7.0% (52 mmol/mol) was estimated to be 5.4% for <3.9 mmol/L and 1.5% for <3.0 mmol/L. The corresponding values during SMBG were 9.2% and 3.5%, respectively. Individuals with mean glucose levels of 8 mmol/L spent 4.9% more time with glucose levels <3.9 mmol/L and 2.8% more time <3.0 mmol/L during SMBG compared with CGM.</p> <p> </p> <p><b><i>Conclusions: </i></b>Reaching current targets for time in hypoglycaemia and at the same time HbA1c targets is challenging for type 1 diabetes patients treated with MDI both with CGM and SMBG monitoring. However, CGM is associated with considerably less time in hypoglycaemia than SMBG at a broad range of HbA1c levels and is crucial for patients with MDI treatment to have a chance to approach hypoglycaemia targets.</p>

scholarly journals Stem Cells in the Treatment of InsulinDependent Diabetes Mellitus

Acta Naturae ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Borisov ◽  
O. S. Petrakova ◽  
I. G. Gvazava ◽  
E. N. Kalistratova ◽  
A. V. Vasiliev
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Reprogramming ◽  
World Health ◽  
Autoimmune Reaction ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Diabetes affects over 350 million people worldwide, with the figure projected to rise to nearly 500 million over the next 20 years, according to the World Health Organization. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes) is an endocrine disorder caused by an autoimmune reaction that destroys insulin-producing -cells in the pancreas, which leads to insulin deficiency. Administration of exogenous insulin remains at the moment the treatment mainstay. This approach helps to regulate blood glucose levels and significantly increases the life expectancy of patients. However, type 1 diabetes is accompanied by long-term complications associated with the systemic nature of the disease and metabolic abnormalities having a profound impact on health. Of greater impact would be a therapeutic approach which would overcome these limitations by better control of blood glucose levels and prevention of acute and chronic complications. The current efforts in the field of regenerative medicine are aimed at finding such an approach. In this review, we discuss the time-honored technique of donor islets of Langerhans transplantation. We also focus on the use of pluripotent stem and committed cells and cellular reprogramming. The molecular mechanisms of pancreatic differentiation are highlighted. Much attention is devoted to the methods of grafts delivery and to the materials used during its creation.

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