Mechanisms of dispersal and establishment drive a stepping stone community assembly on seamounts and oceanic islands

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric F. Mazzei ◽  
Hudson T. Pinheiro ◽  
Thiony Simon ◽  
Rodrigo L. Moura ◽  
Raphael M. Macieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Assembly ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Stepping Stone

scholarly journals Dissecting macroecological and macroevolutionary patterns of forest biodiversity across the Hawaiian archipelago

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (33) ◽  
pp. 16436-16441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Craven ◽  
Tiffany M. Knight ◽  
Kasey E. Barton ◽  
Lalasia Bialic-Murphy ◽  
Jonathan M. Chase
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Hawaiian Archipelago ◽  
Biodiversity Patterns ◽  
Island Area

Biodiversity patterns emerge as a consequence of evolutionary and ecological processes. Their relative importance is frequently tested on model ecosystems such as oceanic islands that vary in both. However, the coarse-scale data typically used in biogeographic studies have limited inferential power to separate the effects of historical biogeographic factors (e.g., island age) from the effects of ecological ones (e.g., island area and habitat heterogeneity). Here, we describe local-scale biodiversity patterns of woody plants using a database of more than 500 forest plots from across the Hawaiian archipelago, where these volcanic islands differ in age by several million years. We show that, after controlling for factors such as island area and heterogeneity, the oldest islands (Kaua’i and O’ahu) have greater native species diversity per unit area than younger islands (Maui and Hawai’i), indicating an important role for macroevolutionary processes in driving not just whole-island differences in species diversity, but also local community assembly. Further, we find that older islands have a greater number of rare species that are more spatially clumped (i.e., higher within-island β-diversity) than younger islands. When we included alien species in our analyses, we found that the signal of macroevolutionary processes via island age was diluted. Our approach allows a more explicit test of the question of how macroevolutionary factors shape not just regional-scale biodiversity, but also local-scale community assembly patterns and processes in a model archipelago ecosystem, and it can be applied to disentangle biodiversity drivers in other systems.

Phytophagous insect community assembly through niche conservatism on oceanic islands

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Hembry ◽  
Tomoko Okamoto ◽  
Gerald McCormack ◽  
Rosemary G. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Community Assembly ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Phytophagous Insect ◽  
Insect Community

scholarly journals Biogeographic drivers of community assembly on oceanic islands: The importance of archipelago structure and history

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Aguilée ◽  
Félix Pellerin ◽  
Maxence Soubeyrand ◽  
Jeremy Choin ◽  
Christophe Thébaud
Keyword(s):  
Community Assembly ◽  
Oceanic Islands

Experimentally altered rainfall regimes and host root traits affect grassland arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coline Deveautour ◽  
Suzanne Donn ◽  
Sally Power ◽  
Kirk Barnett ◽  
Jeff Powell
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

Future climate scenarios predict changes in rainfall regimes. These changes are expected to affect plants via effects on the expression of root traits associated with water and nutrient uptake. Associated microorganisms may also respond to these new precipitation regimes, either directly in response to changes in the soil environment or indirectly in response to altered root trait expression. We characterised arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities in an Australian grassland exposed to experimentally altered rainfall regimes. We used Illumina sequencing to assess the responses of AM fungal communities associated with four plant species sampled in different watering treatments and evaluated the extent to which shifts were associated with changes in root traits. We observed that altered rainfall regimes affected the composition but not the richness of the AM fungal communities, and we found distinctive communities in the increased rainfall treatment. We found no evidence of altered rainfall regime effects via changes in host physiology because none of the studied traits were affected by changes in rainfall. However, specific root length was observed to correlate with AM fungal richness, while concentrations of phosphorus and calcium in root tissue and the proportion of root length allocated to fine roots were correlated to community composition. Our study provides evidence that climate change and its effects on rainfall may influence AM fungal community assembly, as do plant traits related to plant nutrition and water uptake. We did not find evidence that host responses to altered rainfall drive AM fungal community assembly in this grassland ecosystem.

The Japanese Factor in the Making of North Korean Socialism

2020 ◽  
pp. 225-251
Author(s):  
Ernest Ming-Tak Leung
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Stepping Stone ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Juche Ideology

This article explores a commonly ignored aspect of Japan–North Korean relations: the Japanese factor in the making of Korean socialism. Korea was indirectly influenced by the Japanese Jiyuminken Movement, in the 1910s–1920s serving as a stepping-stone for the creation of a Japanese Communist Party. Wartime mobilization policies under Japanese rule were continued and expanded beyond the colonial era. The Juche ideology built on tendencies first exhibited in the 1942 Overcoming Modernity Conference in Japan, and in the 1970s some Japanese leftists viewed Juche as a humanist Marxism. Trade between Japan and North Korea expanded from 1961 onwards, culminating in North Korea’s default in 1976, from which point on relations soured between the two countries. Yet leaders with direct experience of colonial rule governed North Korea through to the late 1990s.

Marine bacterioplankton consortia follow deterministic, non-neutral community assembly rules

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
KL Vergin ◽  
N Jhirad ◽  
J Dodge ◽  
CA Carlson ◽  
SJ Giovannoni
Keyword(s):  
Community Assembly ◽  
Assembly Rules ◽  
Marine Bacterioplankton

Inter-taxonomic differences in bacterioplankton community assembly in oligotrophic mountain lakes of east Japan

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Fujii ◽  
T Hirao ◽  
H Kojima ◽  
M Fukui
Keyword(s):  
Community Assembly ◽  
Mountain Lakes ◽  
Bacterioplankton Community

Inclusive Fitness in Finite Deme-structured and Stepping-stone Populations

Selection ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Taylor ◽  
A. J. Irwin ◽  
T. Day
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Fitness ◽  
Stepping Stone

A stepping stone approach to human and robotic exploration of space

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Pengra ◽  
Stephen Johnson ◽  
Mark Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Stepping Stone ◽  
Robotic Exploration
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