Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography: in vitro evaluation of a second-generation ultrasound contrast agent for in vivo optimization

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1496-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Back ◽  
J. Christopher Edgar ◽  
Douglas A. Canning ◽  
Kassa Darge
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Ultrasound Contrast Agent ◽  
Voiding Urosonography ◽  
In Vitro Evaluation ◽  
Ultrasound Contrast ◽  
Contrast Enhanced

scholarly journals Voiding Urosonography with Second-Generation Ultrasound Contrast Agent for Diagnosis of Vesicoureteric Reflux: First Local Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafina Kuzmanovska ◽  
Aleksandar Risteski ◽  
Margarita Kambovska ◽  
Tase Trpcevski ◽  
Emilija Sahpazova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Vesicoureteric Reflux ◽  
Ultrasound Contrast Agent ◽  
Pathological Finding ◽  
Voiding Urosonography ◽  
Ultrasound Contrast ◽  
Contrast Enhanced

BACKGROUND: Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) is an important association of paediatric urinary tract infection (UTI) found in 30-50% of all children presenting with first UTI. Contrast-enhanced voiding ultrasonography (ceVUS) has become an important radiation-free method for VUR detection in children. Its sensitivity in detecting VUR has greatly improved due to the development of the contrast-specific ultrasound techniques and the introduction of the second-generation ultrasound contrast agent, superseding the diagnostic accuracy of standard radiological procedures.AIM: This article aimed to summarise the current literature and discuss the first local pilot study performed in our institution on detection of vesicoureteric reflux by contrast-enhanced voiding ultrasonography with second- generation agent (SonoVue, Bracco, Italy).MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective review of the first 31 ceVUS (24 girls, 7 boys) was presented.  Age range was 2 months to 18 years (mean = 6.4 ± 4.9).RESULTS:  All examinations were well tolerated without any adverse incident. VUR was shown in 20 (64.5%) children in 32/62 (51.6) nephroureteral units (NUUs). In 18 NUUs, VUR was grade II/V, in 11 Grade III/V and in 3 grade IV/V, respectively. Urethra was shown in 19/31 children and in all boys, without pathological finding. In two girls spinning top urethra has been detected. Subsequent urodynamic studies revealed functional bladder problem in both. CONCLUSIONS: Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography using intravesical second generation ultrasound contrast agent could be recommend  as a valid alternative diagnostic modality for detecting vesicoureteral reflux and evaluation of the distal urinary tract in children, based on its radiation-free, highly efficacious, reliable, and safe characteristics.

scholarly journals Accelerated sonothrombolysis with Definity in a xenographic porcine cerebral thromboembolism model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Kleven ◽  
Kunal B. Karani ◽  
Nicole Hilvert ◽  
Samantha M. Ford ◽  
Karla P. Mercado-Shekhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Ultrasound Contrast Agent ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Pulsed Ultrasound ◽  
Side Hole ◽  
Ultrasound Contrast

AbstractAdjuvant ultrasound at 2 MHz with or without an ultrasound contrast agent improves the rate of thrombus resolution by recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in laboratory and clinical studies. A sub-megahertz approach can further expand this therapy to a subset of patients with an insufficient temporal bone window, improving efficacy in unselected patient populations. The aim of this study was to determine if a clinical ultrasound contrast agent (UCA), Definity, and 220 kHz pulsed ultrasound accelerated rt-PA thrombolysis in a preclinical animal model of vascular occlusion. The effect of Definity and ultrasound on thrombus clearance was first investigated in vitro and subsequently tested in a xenographic porcine cerebral thromboembolism model in vivo. Two different microcatheter designs (end-hole, multi-side-hole) were used to infuse rt-PA and Definity at the proximal edge or directly into clots, respectively. Sonothrombolysis with Definity increased clot mass loss relative to saline or rt-PA alone in vitro, only when rt-PA was administered directly into clots via a multi-side-hole microcatheter. Combined treatment with rt-PA, Definity, and ultrasound in vivo increased the rate of reperfusion up to 45 min faster than clots treated with rt-PA or saline. In this porcine cerebral thromboembolism model employing retracted human clots, 220 kHz ultrasound, in conjunction with Definity increased the probability of early successful reperfusion with rt-PA.

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