Validating scoring systems for fracture healing in infants and young children: pilot study

Abstract Background Recent studies have analysed birth-related clavicular fractures to propose time frames for healing that could be applied to dating of all fractures in cases of suspected child abuse. Objective To assess differences in healing rates between femoral fractures and birth-related clavicular fractures in infants and young children. Materials and methods A retrospective 5-year pilot study of femoral fractures in children younger than 3 years of age was performed. Anonymised radiographs were independently scored by two radiologists for stages of fracture healing. In cases of reader disagreement, radiographs were independently scored by a third radiologist. Results In total, 74 radiographs (30 children) met the inclusion criteria. Fracture healing evolved over time with subperiosteal new bone formation (SPNBF) appearing first, followed by callus then remodelling. A power calculation for a single proportion, with a level of confidence of 95% and a margin of error of 5%, showed that in a definitive study, 359 radiographs would be required. Conclusion Although the overall pattern of healing is similar, in this small pilot study, the earliest times for SPNBF and callus formation in femoral fractures appeared to lag behind healing of birth-related clavicular fractures. Remodelling appeared earlier than remodelling of clavicular fractures. A power calculation has determined numbers of femoral radiographs (359) required for a definitive study.

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Iron deficiency anemia-related gut microbiota dysbiosis in infants and young children: A pilot study

Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/030.65.2018.045 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 551-564 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Audrone Muleviciene ◽

Federica D’Amico ◽

Silvia Turroni ◽

Marco Candela ◽

Augustina Jankauskiene

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Young Children ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis ◽

Infants And Young Children

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Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for treatment of dysphagia in infants and young children with neurological impairment: a prospective pilot study

BMJ Paediatrics Open ◽

10.1136/bmjpo-2018-000382 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. e000382

Author(s):

Sherna Marcus ◽

Jeremy N Friedman ◽

Ashley Lacombe-Duncan ◽

Sanjay Mahant

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Young Children ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽

Neurological Impairment ◽

Oral Feeding ◽

Severe Dysphagia ◽

Prospective Pilot Study ◽

Infants And Young Children

ObjectivesTo describe the acceptability, safety and effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in infants and young children with neurological impairment (NI) who have severe dysphagia.DesignA prospective pilot study using a before and after study design.SettingThe Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.PatientsTen infants and young children (0–24 months) with NI and severe dysphagia on videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) who were referred to an occupational therapist (OT). Those with neurodegenerative conditions were excluded.InterventionNMES treatments lasting 20–45 min twice weekly for the duration of 2–4 months. The NMES was administered during feeding therapy sessions by a trained OT.Main outcome measuresImprovement in swallowing function as measured by VFSS and the need for tube feeding, adverse events and parental acceptability.ResultsSeven of 10 enrolled subjects (median age, 8.9 months) completed biweekly NMES treatments (median number of treatments per subject, 18). All of the seven (100%) subjects who completed treatment showed an improvement in swallow function on VFSS. Of the five patients who were not safe to orally feed on any consistency of liquid or puree at baseline, three established full oral feeding and two established partial oral feeding. At baseline, 5/7 children were completely fed by tube versus 0/7 at the end of treatment. No adverse events occurred other than mild skin irritation at the site of electrode placement. Five of seven caregivers felt that feeding was improved and were satisfied with the intervention.ConclusionsOur prospective pilot study of NMES in seven neurologically impaired infants and young children with severe dysphagia suggests that NMES is safe, acceptable to parents and has potential efficacy. Trials are needed to determine if any treatment benefit exists.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01723358.

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The role of plasma gelsolin in cardiopulmonary bypass induced acute lung injury in infants and young children: a pilot study

BMC Anesthesiology ◽

10.1186/1471-2253-14-67 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

ShanShan Shi ◽

Chi Chen ◽

DongYan Zhao ◽

XiWang Liu ◽

BaoLi Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Lung Injury ◽

Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Young Children ◽

Lung Injury ◽

Plasma Gelsolin ◽

Infants And Young Children

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Estimulação elétrica neuromuscular no tratamento da disfagia em lactentes e crianças pequenas com comprometimento neurológico: um estudo piloto prospectivo

Distúrbios da Comunicação ◽

10.23925/2176-2724.2019v31i4p698-700 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 698-700

Author(s):

Valdir França de Macêdo Filho

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Young Children ◽

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽

Neurological Impairment ◽

Prospective Pilot Study ◽

Infants And Young Children

Marcus S, Friedman JN, Lacombe Duncan A, Mahant S. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for treatment of dysphagia in infants and young children with neurological impairment: a prospective pilot study. BMJ Paediatrics Open. 2019; 3(1): e000382.

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