Antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized by iturin against Candida albicans in vitro and in vivo

Abstract Spilanthol is a bioactive alkylamide from the native Amazon plant species, Acmella oleracea. However, antifungal activities of spilanthol and its application to the therapeutic treatment of candidiasis remains to be explored. This study sought to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of spilanthol previously isolated from A. oleracea (spilanthol(AcO)) against Candida albicans ATCC® 10231™, a multidrug-resistant fungal strain. Microdilution methods were used to determine inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations of spilanthol(AcO). In planktonic cultures, the fungal growth kinetics, yeast cell metabolic activity, cell membrane permeability and cell wall integrity were investigated. The effect of spilanthol(AcO) on the proliferation and adhesion of fungal biofilms was evaluated by whole slide imaging and scanning electron microscopy. The biochemical composition of the biofilm matrix was also analyzed. In parallel, spilanthol(AcO) was tested in vivo in an experimental vulvovaginal candidiasis model. Our in vitro analyses in C. albicans planktonic cultures detected a significant inhibitory effect of spilanthol(AcO), which affects both yeast cell membrane and cell wall integrity, interfering with the fungus growth. C. albicans biofilm proliferation and adhesion, as well as, carbohydrates and DNA in biofilm matrix were reduced after spilanthol(AcO) treatment. Moreover, infected rats treated with spilanthol(AcO) showed consistent reduction of both fungal burden and inflammatory processes compared to the untreated animals. Altogether, our findings demonstrated that spilanthol(AcO) is an bioactive compound against planktonic and biofilm forms of a multidrug resistant C. albicans strain. Furthermore, spilanthol(AcO) can be potentially considered for therapeutical treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by C. albicans. Lay Abstract This study sought to evaluate the antifungal activity of spilanthol against Candida albicans ATCC® 10 231™, a multidrug-resistant fungal strain. Our findings demonstrated that spilanthol(AcO) can be potentially considered for therapeutical treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by C. albicans.

Download Full-text

Antifungal activity of Ocimum gratissimum L., Lantana camara L. & Pteleopsis suberosa Engl. & Dies used in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in Benin

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1186/s43094-021-00383-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jean Robert Klotoe ◽

Brice Armand Fanou ◽

Eric Agbodjento ◽

Arnaud Houehou ◽

Lauris Fah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Lantana Camara ◽

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽

Reference Drug ◽

Clinical Strains ◽

Ocimum Gratissimum

Abstract Background Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a widespread mycotic infection that affects a large proportion of women of childbearing age. Its management in traditional medicine is based on the use of medicinal plants. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of Ocimum gratissimum L., Lantana camara L. and Pteleopsis suberosa Engl. & Diels used in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in Benin. Results The data obtained from the in vitro antifungal test show that the strains tested (ATCC 90028 and two clinical strains: 1MA and 3MA) were more sensitive to aqueous extracts with a better effect for Pteleopsis suberosa. This potential of the tested extracts correlated with their richness in total polyphenols. The extract of the Pteleopsis suberosa was very active on the inhibition of the reference strain ATCC 90028. On the clinical strains (1MA and 3MA) the aqueous extract of Pteleopsis suberosa showed a better MIC on the 1MA strain. In vivo model, inoculation of 100 µL of the concentrated Candida albicans suspension 1.5 × 105 UFC/mL induced the candidiasis of the female Wistar rat. The treatment with the aqueous extract of Pteleopsis suberosa, like fluconazole (reference drug), significantly reduced Candida albicans infection at a dose of 100 mg/kg after 1, 7 and 13 days of treatment. Conclusion This study revealed the potential antifungal of the Ocimum gratissimum, Lantana camara and Pteleopsis suberosa. Pteleopsis suberosa has better antifungal activity in vitro and in vivo. These observations justify the use of their medicinal plant in the traditional treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in Benin.

Download Full-text

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the antifungal activity of fluoxetine combined with antifungals against Candida albicans biofilms and oral candidiasis

Biofouling ◽

10.1080/08927014.2020.1777401 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 537-548

Author(s):

Liuliu Jiang ◽

Linxia Zheng ◽

K airui Sun ◽

Peng Zhou ◽

Rui Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Oral Candidiasis ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Candida Albicans Biofilms

Download Full-text

In vitro and in vivo activity of chelerythrine against Candida albicans and underlying mechanisms

Future Microbiology ◽

10.2217/fmb-2019-0178 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (18) ◽

pp. 1545-1557 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ying Gong ◽

Siwen Li ◽

Weixin Wang ◽

Yiman Li ◽

Wenli Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Calcium Concentration ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Hyphal Growth ◽

Drug Transporter ◽

Antifungal Effect ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Aim: To evaluate whether chelerythrine (CHT) exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans in vitro and in vivo and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Materials & methods: Broth microdilution assay and Galleria mellonella model were used to evaluate the antifungal effect in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Mechanism studies were investigated by morphogenesis observation, Fluo-3/AM, DCFH-DA and rhodamine6G assay, respectively. Results: CHT exhibited antifungal activity against C. albicans and preformed biofilms with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 2 to 16 μg/ml. Besides, CHT protected G. mellonella larvae infected by C. albicans. Mechanisms studies revealed that CHT inhibited hyphal growth, increased intracellular calcium concentration, induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and inhibited drug transporter activity. Conclusion: CHT exhibited antifungal activity against C. albicans.

Download Full-text

Nystatin nanosizing enhances in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity against Candida albicans

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ◽

10.1093/jac/dkt137 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (9) ◽

pp. 2099-2105 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

A. Melkoumov ◽

M. Goupil ◽

F. Louhichi ◽

M. Raymond ◽

L. de Repentigny ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

In Vivo Antifungal Activity

Download Full-text

Rapamycin and Less Immunosuppressive Analogs Are Toxic to Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans via FKBP12-Dependent Inhibition of TOR

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.45.11.3162-3170.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 45 (11) ◽

pp. 3162-3170 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

M. Cristina Cruz ◽

Alan L. Goldstein ◽

Jill Blankenship ◽

Maurizio Del Poeta ◽

John R. Perfect ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽

Immunosuppressive Drug ◽

Mutant Strains ◽

Dependent Inhibition ◽

Tor Kinase ◽

Mutant Kinase

ABSTRACT Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans cause both superficial and disseminated infections in humans. Current antifungal therapies for deep-seated infections are limited to amphotericin B, flucytosine, and azoles. A limitation is that commonly used azoles are fungistatic in vitro and in vivo. Our studies address the mechanisms of antifungal activity of the immunosuppressive drug rapamycin (sirolimus) and its analogs with decreased immunosuppressive activity. C. albicans rbp1/rbp1 mutant strains lacking a homolog of the FK506-rapamycin target protein FKBP12 were found to be viable and resistant to rapamycin and its analogs. Rapamycin and analogs promoted FKBP12 binding to the wild-type Tor1 kinase but not to a rapamycin-resistant Tor1 mutant kinase (S1972R). FKBP12 and TOR mutations conferred resistance to rapamycin and its analogs inC. albicans, C. neoformans, andSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Our findings demonstrate the antifungal activity of rapamycin and rapamycin analogs is mediated via conserved complexes with FKBP12 and Tor kinase homologs in divergent yeasts. Taken together with our observations that rapamycin and its analogs are fungicidal and that spontaneous drug resistance occurs at a low rate, these mechanistic findings support continued investigation of rapamycin analogs as novel antifungal agents.

Download Full-text