Life-threatening Cerebral Edema Caused by Acute Occlusion of a Superior Vena Cava Stent

Oncological emergencies present in a multitude of manners-structural, metabolic, hematologic, etc. affecting multiple systems, often. Urgent institution of therapy is often required for a successful outcome. Occasionally, the treatment of one emergency can initiate a related or unrelated emergency, necessitating management of all the complications simultaneously. Superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO) is a medical emergency and most often manifests in patients with a malignant disease process requiring immediate diagnostic evaluation and therapy due to its’ life threatening presentation. The management of the SVCO is usually with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or intervention. In cases of large tumor burden, management of SVCO can trigger other complications. Tumor lysis syndrome is an oncologic emergency, which is characterized by a massive release of intracellular potassium, phosphate, and nucleic acid metabolites into the systemic circulation, which can be life-threatening. We present the case of a T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with superior vena cava syndrome, developing tumor lysis syndrome on instituting definitive chemotherapy in a young patient. Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2021-0301-6 Full Text: PDF

Download Full-text

Recanalization of an Acute Neonatal Life-Threatening Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery ◽

10.1177/2150135114553480 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 149-150

Author(s):

Alban-Elouen Baruteau

Keyword(s):

Superior Vena Cava ◽

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome ◽

Superior Vena ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Neonatal Life ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Vena Cava Syndrome

Download Full-text

Transesophageal Echocardiogram-Guided Stent Placement in Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Secondary to Granulomatous Lung Disease: A Case Series and Literature Review

Vascular and Endovascular Surgery ◽

10.1177/1538574417723157 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (8) ◽

pp. 562-566 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kaiwen Sun ◽

Rishi Batra ◽

Nicholas W. Markin ◽

Melissa Suh ◽

Iraklis I. Pipinos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Superior Vena Cava ◽

Stent Placement ◽

Superior Vena ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Case Series ◽

Stent Migration ◽

Respiratory Compromise ◽

Svc Syndrome ◽

Threatening Condition ◽

Life Threatening

Obstruction of the superior vena cava (SVC) is an uncommon, but potentially life-threatening condition due to likely development of edema in the head and neck and potential respiratory compromise. Less than half of those affected by SVC syndrome survive more than a year. Obstruction can be from neoplasms or secondary to benign disease. Treatment for most cases of symptomatic SVC syndrome involves placement of a stent to relieve the stenosis. Serious complications such as stent migration, pulmonary embolism, and cardiac tamponade can occur in 5% to 10% of cases, and inadequate imaging of the SVC–atrial junction by fluoroscopy contributes to these problems. The overlapping contrast in the atrium makes it difficult to precisely place the distal end of the stent, potentially allowing for embolization of the stent to occur. We present a case series of 3 patients wherein transesophageal echocardiography was used for guidance of stent placement in the SVC and significantly aided in placement.

Download Full-text

Superior vena cava syndrome

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000908 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

pp. 437-448

Author(s):

Peter Franz Klein-Weigel ◽

Saban Elitok ◽

Andreas Ruttloff ◽

Sabine Reinhold ◽

Jessika Nielitz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Superior Vena Cava ◽

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome ◽

Superior Vena ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Upper Airway ◽

Interventional Therapy ◽

Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Vena Cava Syndrome ◽

Brachiocephalic Veins

Summary: The superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is caused by compression, invasion, and/or thrombosis of the superior vena cava and/or the brachiocephalic veins. Benign SVCS is separated from malignant SVCS. SVCS comprises a broad clinical spectrum reaching from asymptomatic cases to rare life-threatening emergencies with upper airway obstruction and increased intracranial pressure. Symptoms are correlated to the acuity and extent of the venous obstruction and inversely correlated to the development of the venous collateral circuits. Imaging is necessary to determine the exact underlying cause and to guide further interventions. Interventional therapy has widely changed the therapeutic approach in symptomatic patients. This article provides an overview over this complex syndrome and focuses on interventional therapeutic methods and results.

Download Full-text

A review of endovascular stenting for superior vena cava syndrome in fibrosing mediastinitis

Vascular Medicine ◽

10.1177/1358863x19884130 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 174-183

Author(s):

Himanshu Deshwal ◽

Subha Ghosh ◽

Karen Magruder ◽

John R Bartholomew ◽

Jennifer Montgomery ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Superior Vena Cava ◽

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome ◽

Superior Vena ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Endovascular Stenting ◽

Fibrosing Mediastinitis ◽

First Line Therapy ◽

Svc Syndrome ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Vena Cava Syndrome

Fibrosing mediastinitis (FM) is a rare disorder of inflammation and fibrosis involving the mediastinum. The formation of fibroinflammatory mass in the mediastinum can lead to obstruction of mediastinal structures and cause severe debilitating and life-threatening symptoms. Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a dreaded complication of FM with no medical therapy proven to be efficacious. Spiral vein grafting has long been utilized as first-line therapy for SVC syndrome due to FM. Endovascular repair with stents and angioplasty for malignant causes of SVC syndrome is well established. However, there are limited data on their utility in SVC syndrome due to FM. We present two cases of SVC syndrome due to FM treated with endovascular stenting and a detailed review of current literature on its utility in SVCS due to benign causes.

Download Full-text

Superior vena cava syndrome: presenting symptom of silent otitis media

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215100105900 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 102 (7) ◽

pp. 623-625 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ferit Tovi ◽

Menachem Hirsch ◽

Albert Gatot

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Superior Vena Cava ◽

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome ◽

Sinus Thrombosis ◽

Superior Vena ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Lateral Sinus ◽

Threatening Condition ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Vena Cava Syndrome

AbstractAn extensive lateral sinus thrombosis secondary to silent otitis media, in a patient with a nephrotic syndrome, is presented. The thrombotic process progressed asymptomatically until the occlusion of the superior vena cava. Removal of the intractable pathology within the mastoid and administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy, prevented the further propagation of the life-threatening condition.

Download Full-text