Coronary plaque rupture with subsequent thrombosis typifies the culprit lesion of non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, not unstable angina: non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome study

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikumo Sakaguchi ◽  
Shoichi Ehara ◽  
Takao Hasegawa ◽  
Kenji Matsumoto ◽  
Satoshi Nishimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Unstable Angina ◽  
Plaque Rupture ◽  
Coronary Plaque ◽  
Culprit Lesion ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
St Segment

scholarly journals Relationship between coronary hyper-intensive plaques identified by cardiovascular magnetic resonance and clinical severity of acute coronary syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Liu ◽  
Sijing Wu ◽  
Zhenjia Wang ◽  
Yanni Du ◽  
Zhaoyang Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Unstable Angina ◽  
Stable Angina ◽  
Plaque Rupture ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
St Segment

Abstract Background Coronary hyper-intense plaque (CHIP) detected on T1-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has been shown to associate with vulnerable plaque features and worse outcomes in low- and intermediate-risk populations. However, the prevalence of CHIP and its clinical significance in the higher-risk acute coronary syndrome (ACS) population have not been systematically studied. This study aims to assess the relationship between CHIP and ACS clinical severity using intracoronary optical coherence tomography (OCT) as the reference. Methods A total of 62 patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease were prospectively enrolled including a clinically diagnosed ACS group (n = 50) and a control group with stable angina pectoris (n = 12). The ACS group consisted of consecutive patients including unstable angina pectoris (n = 27), non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (non-STEMI) (n = 8), and ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (n = 15), respectively. All patients underwent non-contrast coronary CMR to determine the plaque-to-myocardium signal intensity ratio (PMR). Results Among the four groups of patients, a progressive increase in the prevalence of CHIPs (stable angina, 8%; unstable angina, 26%; non-STEMI, 38%; STEMI, 67%; p = 0.009), and PMR values (stable angina, 1.1; unstable angina, 1.2; non-STEMI, 1.3; STEMI, 1.6; median values, P = 0.004) were observed. Thrombus (7/8, 88% vs. 4/22, 18%, p = 0.001) and plaque rupture (5/8, 63% vs. 2/22, 9%, p = 0.007) were significantly more prevalent in CHIPs than in plaques without hyper-intensity. Elevated PMR was associated with high-risk plaque features including plaque rupture, thrombus, and intimal vasculature. A positive correlation was observed between PMR and the number of high-risk plaque features identified by OCT (r = 0.44, p = 0.015). Conclusions The prevalence of CHIPs and PMR are positively associated with the disease severity and high-risk plaque morphology in ACS.

scholarly journals Immature Platelet Fraction (IPF) Levels in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 682-688
Author(s):  
Enna Berkah Sari ◽  
Nizam Zikri Akbar ◽  
Herman Hariman
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Angina Pectoris ◽  
Unstable Angina ◽  
Unstable Angina Pectoris ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Immature Platelet Fraction

Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a major cardiovascular problem because it causes high hospital admissions and mortality rates. Acute Coronary Syndrome is divided into 3 (three), namely: unstable angina pectoris (UAP), myocardial infarction without ST segment elevation (NSTEMI), and myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation (STEMI). In addition to changes in biomarkers of heart injury, the platelet index (IPF = immature platelet fraction) will also change the level difference between STEMI with NSTEMI/UAP. Objective: To determine the differences in IPF levels of ACS patients with STEMI and NSTEMI/UAP Method: Observational analytic with cross sectional approach. The subjects of this study were 80 patients who came to the emergency installation of integrated heart center Emergency Room Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan from May 2019 to September 2019 and was diagnosed with ACS (STEMI or NSTEMI/UAP). The sample in the study was the patient's venous blood and put it in an EDTA tube, then immediately checked the IPF value/level using the automatic hematology analyzer. Patients with heart failure or patients with thrombocytopenia were not included in this study. Results: In this study, the demographic characteristics of the ACS patients based on gender were male 77.5% STEMI and 87.5% NSTEMI/UAP while women 22.5% STEMI and 12.5% ​​NSTEMI/UAP. The results of the STEMI patient's IPF levels Compared with NSTEMI/UAP, the median is 6.2 (3.5-16.8) VS 2.9 (0.7-12) with a p-value of 0.0001. Conclusion: The characteristics of ACS patients based on the results of sex were that there were more men with NSTEMI/UAP than those with STEMI. There was a significant difference in the IPF levels of STEMI with NSTEMI/UAP. Keywords: Immature Platelet Fraction (IPF), Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), Non ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI), Unstable Angina Pectoris (UAP).

Acute Coronary Syndrome

2019 ◽  
pp. 190-196
Author(s):  
Siva S. Ketha ◽  
Juan Carlos Leoni Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Plaque Rupture ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque Rupture

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) encompasses all clinical manifestations caused by active myocardial ischemia and includes 3 entities: unstable angina (UA), acute non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is the most consistent pathophysiologic event in ACS. After plaque rupture, cardiac myocytes die as a consequence of continued occlusion, thereby causing acute myocardial infarction (MI). Prompt recognition of ACS is crucial because the greatest therapeutic effect is achieved if treatment is performed soon after presentation.

scholarly journals Analysis of risk factors for different subtypes of acute coronary syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 030006052110083
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Juledezi Hailati ◽  
Xiaoyun Ma ◽  
Jiangping Liu ◽  
Zhiqiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Brain Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
St Segment

Aims To investigate the different risk factors among different subtypes of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods A total of 296 patients who had ACS were retrospectively enrolled. Blood and echocardiographic indices were assessed within 24 hours after admission. Differences in risk factors and Gensini scores of coronary lesions among three groups were analyzed. Results Univariate analysis of risk factors for ACS subtypes showed that age, and levels of fasting plasma glucose, amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and creatine kinase isoenzyme were significantly higher in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) than in those with unstable angina pectoris (UAP). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were related to ACS subtypes. The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was an independent risk factor for UAP and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) subtypes. The severity of coronary stenosis was significantly higher in NSTEMI and STEMI than in UAP. Gensini scores in the STEMI group were positively correlated with D-dimer levels (r = 0.429) and negatively correlated with the LVEF (r = −0.602). Conclusion Different subtypes of ACS have different risk factors. Our findings may have important guiding significance for ACS subtype risk assessment and clinical treatment.

Clots Kill: Hematologic Pharmacology for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Stacy H. James
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Thrombin Inhibitors ◽  
Fibrinolytic Agents ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
St Segment

Drugs that work on the hematologic system play an important role in helping to limit the morbidity and mortality that can be associated with an acute coronary syndrome. The pharmacology of the fibrinolytic agents, thrombin inhibitors, and antiplatelet agents is described. A case study of a woman having an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is reviewed to highlight the importance of drugs that work on the hematologic system.

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