Effects of acupuncture and heating on blood volume and oxygen saturation of human Achilles tendon in vivo

The available techniques do not permit the measurement of hepatocellular function, cardiac output, effective blood volume, and oxygen saturation in small animals without the need of blood or tissue sampling. We present methodology that permits us to measure the above variables in the rat. Multiple doses of indocyanine green (ICG; 0.16-2.6 mg/kg) were given to pentobarbital-anesthetized rats, and [ICG] was continuously measured by an in vivo hemoreflectometer. Initial velocity of clearance (Vo) was determined from the [ICG] vs. time plot for each dose by nonlinear regression. The maximal velocity of clearance (Vmax; indicating hepatocellular function) was calculated. Vmax was 1) accurately determined using two, three, or four doses of ICG; 2) it was 1.09 +/- 0.16 mg.kg-1.min-1, not different from the Vo of the near-saturating dose of 25 mg/kg; and 3) it decreased after partial hepatectomy. Cardiac output was 41.89 +/- 1.46 ml.100 g-1.min-1, effective blood volume was 6.12 +/- 0.34 ml/100 g, and oxygen saturation was 92 +/- 2%. These methodologies may prove useful in the evaluation of hepatocellular dysfunction and hemodynamic parameters in the rat during and after various diseased states.

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Hemophilic Bledding Evaluated by Blood Pool Scanning

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1650171 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 45 (03) ◽

pp. 208-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D Green ◽

S M Spies ◽

N A Rana ◽

J W Milgram ◽

R Mintzer

Keyword(s):

Blood Volume ◽

Blood Pool ◽

Invasive Technique ◽

Scintillation Camera ◽

Knee Prostheses ◽

Hemophilic Patient ◽

Chronic Arthropathy ◽

Image Density ◽

Regional Blood Volume

SummaryThe technique of blood pool scanning was used to examine 15 hemophilic subjects. Employing an in vivo method for erythrocyte labeling with Technetium-99 m, a dynamic perfusion sequence is obtained using a scintillation camera positioned over the area to be examined. This demonstrates the vascularity of the tissue. Subsequently, equilibrium blood pool images of the area are obtained and analyzed with a densitometer to assess relative regional blood volume. In patients who were not bleeding but had chronic arthropathy, vascularity was not increased, and the blood volume of comparable joints was similar. By contrast, marked increases in vascularity and image density were observed in studies of acutely bleeding joints. Chronic hemarthroses were associated with persistent, but less marked increases in joint perfusion. Transient increases in joint vascularity were demonstrated after insertion of knee prostheses. In a patient with a thigh hematoma, the dimensions of the hemorrhage were clearly delineated. Since only a tracer dose of nuclide is infused intravenously, there are no allergic reactions or other side effects of the procedure. Blood pool scanning is a safe, non-invasive technique that augments clinical and radiographic evaluations, and provides a new dimension in the assessment of the hemophilic patient.

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Characterization of in vivo Achilles tendon forces in rabbits during treadmill locomotion at varying speeds and inclinations

Journal of Biomechanics ◽

10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.02.019 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 37 (11) ◽

pp. 1647-1653 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

John R. West ◽

Natalia Juncosa ◽

Marc T. Galloway ◽

Gregory P. Boivin ◽

David L. Butler

Keyword(s):

Achilles Tendon ◽

Treadmill Locomotion

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Remote, in-vivo monitoring of blood oxygen saturation of patients using optical fibres

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe ◽

10.1109/cleoe.1994.636470 ◽

2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P.J. Scully ◽

R. Holmes ◽

G.R. Jones

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Optical Fibres ◽

Blood Oxygen ◽

Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽

In Vivo Monitoring

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Non-invasive in vivo infrared laser spectroscopy to analyse endogenous oxy-haemoglobin, deoxy-haemoglobin, and blood volume in the rat CNS

Journal of Neuroscience Methods ◽

10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.11.016 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 145 (1-2) ◽

pp. 11-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Francesco Crespi ◽

Andrea Bandera ◽

Maurizio Donini ◽

Christian Heidbreder ◽

Luigi Rovati

Keyword(s):

Blood Volume ◽

Laser Spectroscopy ◽

Infrared Laser ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Infrared Laser Spectroscopy ◽

Rat Cns

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Gender Difference in Architectural and Mechanical Properties of Medial Gastrocnemius–Achilles Tendon Unit In Vivo

Life ◽

10.3390/life11060569 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 569

Author(s):

Liqin Deng ◽

Xini Zhang ◽

Songlin Xiao ◽

Baofeng Wang ◽

Weijie Fu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Gender Difference ◽

Achilles Tendon ◽

Medial Gastrocnemius ◽

Regular Exercise ◽

Training Experience ◽

Exercise Habits ◽

Vertical Stiffness

This study aims to explore whether gender differences exist in the architectural and mechanical properties of the medial gastrocnemius–Achilles tendon unit (gMTU) in vivo. Thirty-six healthy male and female adults without training experience and regular exercise habits were recruited. The architectural and mechanical properties of the gMTU were measured via an ultrasonography system and MyotonPRO, respectively. Independent t-tests were utilized to quantify the gender difference in the architectural and mechanical properties of the gMTU. In terms of architectural properties, the medial gastrocnemius (MG)’s pennation angle and thickness were greater in males than in females, whereas no substantial gender difference was observed in the MG’s fascicle length; the males possessed Achilles tendons (ATs) with a longer length and a greater cross-sectional area than females. In terms of mechanical properties, the MG’s vertical stiffness was lower and the MG’s logarithmic decrement was greater in females than in males. Both genders had no remarkable difference in the AT’s vertical stiffness and logarithmic decrement. Gender differences of individuals without training experience and regular exercise habits exist in the architectural and mechanical properties of the gMTU in vivo. The MG’s force-producing capacities, ankle torque, mechanical efficiency and peak power were higher in males than in females. The load-resisting capacities of AT were greater and the MG strain was lesser in males than in females. These findings suggest that males have better physical fitness, speed and performance in power-based sports events than females from the perspective of morphology and biomechanics.

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