diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
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Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 633
Author(s):  
Marta Kowalkińska ◽  
Agnieszka Fiszka Borzyszkowska ◽  
Anna Grzegórska ◽  
Jakub Karczewski ◽  
Paweł Głuchowski ◽  
...  

Due to the rising concentration of toxic nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the air, effective methods of NOx removal have been extensively studied recently. In the present study, the first developed WO3/S-doped g-C3N4 nanocomposite was synthesized using a facile method to remove NOx in air efficiently. The photocatalytic tests performed in a newly designed continuous-flow photoreactor with an LED array and online monitored NO2 and NO system allowed the investigation of photocatalyst layers at the pilot scale. The WO3/S-doped-g-C3N4 nanocomposite, as well as single components, were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis (BET), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy method (XPS), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DR/UV–vis), and photoluminescence spectroscopy with charge carriers’ lifetime measurements. All materials exhibited high efficiency in photocatalytic NO2 conversion, and 100% was reached in less than 5 min of illumination under simulated solar light. The effect of process parameters in the experimental setup together with WO3/S-doped g-C3N4 photocatalysts was studied in detail. Finally, the stability of the composite was tested in five subsequent cycles of photocatalytic degradation. The WO3/S-doped g-C3N4 was stable in time and did not undergo deactivation due to the blocking of active sites on the photocatalyst’s surface.


2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lada Dubnová ◽  
Rostislav Daňhel ◽  
Vendula Meinhardová ◽  
Valeriia Korolova ◽  
Lucie Smoláková ◽  
...  

A memory effect is the ability to restore the original, lamellar layered double hydroxide structure. Herein, we have described 1) the changes in the structural and basic properties of ZnAl mixed oxides during their transformation into ZnAl-reconstructed LDHs (RE-LDHs); 2) the extraordinary properties of ZnAl RE-LDHs compared to the original ZnAl LDHs; and 3) the changes of basic properties during the interaction of ZnAl RE-LDHs with atmospheric CO2. Aldol condensation was selected as probe reaction to prove the catalytic potential of ZnAl RE-LDHs. We have described a target method for preparing ZnAl RE-LDHs with a large number of basic sites. ZnAl RE-LDHs possess significantly higher furfural conversion in the aldol condensation of furfural than MOs. The structural, textural, and basic properties of the studied materials were described by temperature-programmed analysis, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption, temperature-programmed desorption of CO2, and in-situ diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sukumar ◽  
M. Mathankumar ◽  
Chandra Sekhar Dash ◽  
M. Sundararajan ◽  
Mohd Ubaidullah ◽  
...  

Abstract We report the synthesis of multiferroic BiFeO3 perovskite nanoparticles using the microwave combustion technique. Phase evolution is investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), which confirms that the formation of a secondary α-Bi2O3 phase with a monoclinic structure along with the existing rhombohedral (BiFeO3) structure. The average crystalline size has been found at 50 nm. The optical band gap was calculated from the Tauc’s plot it has been found 2.18 eV, as measured by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The appearances of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) absorption bands at 550 and 444 cm-1 were correlated to the rhombohedral stretching modes of bismuth ferrite nanostructure. The morphology observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the formation of nanosized grains with pores. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) was done to confirm the extent of Bi3+, Fe3+, and O2- in the samples. The magnetization-Field (M-H) hysteresis curves recorded from the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) revealed the appearance of ferrimagnetic behavior at room temperature. The specific surface area characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm is found 44.86 m2 g-1 using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) technique. The as-fabricated BiFeO3 perovskite nanoparticles were investigated for their superior catalytic activity in two applications, which include (i) the conversion of glycerol to formic acid in a selective liquid phase batch reactor at atmospheric pressure. This bismuth-based nanoparticles exhibit as an efficient multifunctional catalyst with high conversion and selectivity efficiency around 99.2% and 98.5%, respectively, (ii) the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B under visible light irradiation is found maximum efficiency (99.9%), when a small amount of H2O2 was added during photocatalysis, indicating the samples possessed photo-Fenton like catalytic activity. Finally, we concluded that the BiFeO3 perovskite nanoparticles' high performance in future multifunctional devices is demonstrated by the simultaneous enhancement of catalytic and photocatalytic activities.


2022 ◽  
pp. 096703352110618
Author(s):  
Orlando CH Tavares ◽  
Tiago R Tavares ◽  
Carlos R Pinheiro Junior ◽  
Luciélio M da Silva ◽  
Paulo GS Wadt ◽  
...  

The southwestern region of the Amazon has great environmental variability, presents a great complexity of pedoenvironments due to its rich variability of geological and geomorphological environments, as well as for being a transition region with other two Brazilian biomes. In this study, the use of pedometric tools (the Algorithms for Quantitative Pedology (AQP) R package and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy) was evaluated for the characterization of 15 soil profiles in southwestern Amazon. The AQP statistical package—which evaluates the soil in-depth based on slicing functions—indicated a wide range of variation in soil attributes, especially in the superficial horizons. In addition, the results obtained in the similarity analysis corroborated with the description of physical, chemical components and oxide contents in-depth, aiding the classification of soil profiles. The in-depth characterization of visible-near infrared spectra allowed inference of the pedogenetic processes of some profiles, setting precedents for future work aiming to establish analytical strategies for soil classification in southwestern Amazon based on spectral data.


Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
Jijun Tang ◽  
Zhengzhou Duan ◽  
Qinyun Xu ◽  
Chuwen Li ◽  
Dongmei Hou ◽  
...  

In the study, ZIF-8@BIOI composites were synthesized by the hydrothermal method and then calcined to acquire the ZnO@Bi5O7I composite as a novel composite for the photocatalytic deterioration of the antibiotic tetracycline (TC). The prepared ZnO@Bi5O7I composites were physically and chemically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) surface area, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), emission fluorescence spectra, transient photocurrent response, electrochemical impedance spectra and Mott–Schottky. Among the composites formed an n–n heterojunction, which increased the separation efficiency of electrons and holes and the efficiency of charge transfer. After the photocatalytic degradation test of TC, it showed that ZnO@Bi5O7I (2:1) had the best photodegradation effect with an 86.2% removal rate, which provides a new approach to the treatment of antibiotics such as TC in wastewater.


2022 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellna Tehubijuluw ◽  
Riki Subagyo ◽  
Yuly Kusumawati ◽  
Didik Prasetyoko

AbstractPhotocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) by zinc oxide/zeolite socony mobile-5 (ZnO/ZSM-5) composites was investigated. The ZSM-5 material was synthesized from red mud by a two-step hydrothermal method to which ZnO loadings at different mass ratios were subsequently performed. Characterizations using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were carried out to identify the formation of ZSM-5 and ZnO/ZSM-5. ZSM-5 and ZnO/ZSM-5 have cubic microcrystallite morphologies. ZnO loading in the ZnO/ZSM-5 composites was successfully performed and confirmed by the appearance of wurtzite peaks in the XRD spectra that matched the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards data. The presence of ZnO in ZSM-5 leading resulted in a decrease in the surface area and pore size as confirming by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm experiments. The band gap of the samples was measured using UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The optimum photocatalytic degradation of MB was observed at a ZnO loading of 34% w/w dubbed 34-ZnO/ZSM-5. The influence of the initial concentration of MB was also investigated at 80, 90, and 100 mg L− 1 using 34-ZnO/ZSM-5 and ZSM-5. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry characterization was performed to analyze the degradation products.


Nanomaterials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Kamrun Nahar Fatema ◽  
Chang-Sung Lim ◽  
Yin Liu ◽  
Kwang-Youn Cho ◽  
Chong-Hun Jung ◽  
...  

We described the novel nanocomposite of silver doped ZrO2 combined graphene-based mesoporous silica (ZrO2-Ag-G-SiO2,) in bases of low-cost and self-assembly strategy. Synthesized ZrO2-Ag-G-SiO2 were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy, Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS). The ZrO2-Ag-G-SiO2 as an enzyme-free glucose sensor active material toward coordinate electro-oxidation of glucose was considered through cyclic voltammetry in significant electrolytes, such as phosphate buffer (PBS) at pH 7.4 and commercial urine. Utilizing ZrO2-Ag-G-SiO2, glucose detecting may well be finished with effective electrocatalytic performance toward organically important concentrations with the current reaction of 9.0 × 10−3 mAcm−2 and 0.05 mmol/L at the lowest potential of +0.2 V, thus fulfilling the elemental prerequisites for glucose detecting within the urine. Likewise, the ZrO2-Ag-G-SiO2 electrode can be worked for glucose detecting within the interferometer substances (e.g., ascorbic corrosive, lactose, fructose, and starch) in urine at proper pH conditions. Our results highlight the potential usages for qualitative and quantitative electrochemical investigation of glucose through the ZrO2-Ag-G-SiO2 sensor for glucose detecting within the urine concentration.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Aharoni ◽  
Asaf Zuck ◽  
David Peri ◽  
Shai Kendler

Identification of particulate matter and liquid spills contaminations is essential for many applications, such as forensics, agriculture, security, and environmental protection. For example, toxic industrial compounds deposition in the form of aerosols, or other residual contaminations, pose a secondary, long-lasting health concern due to resuspension and secondary evaporation. This chapter explores several approaches for employing diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the mid-IR and SWIR to identify particles and films of materials in field conditions. Since the behavior of thin films and particles is more complex compared to absorption spectroscopy of pure compounds, due to the interactions with background materials, the use of physical models combined with statistically-based algorithms for material classification, provides a reliable and practical solution and will be presented.


Author(s):  
Henrique Gonçalves ◽  
Denilson Freitas ◽  
Emanuely Souza ◽  
Mauricio Melo ◽  
Johan Gonzalez-Moya ◽  
...  

Forming semiconductor heterojunction is promising for improved photocatalytic performance due to synergistic combination of the best properties of each material. The present study reports a simple hydrothermal strategy to form n-n heterojunction of Ta2O5 nanotubes and BiVO4 microstructures. The Ta2O5/BiVO4 heterojunctions were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, UV‑Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated by hydrogen production and photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye in aqueous medium under AM 1.5 G (100 mW cm‑2) condition. The heterojunctions have optical absorption in the visible region (200‑500 nm) with crystal structures defined as monoclinic for BiVO4 and orthogonal for Ta2O5. For MB photodegradation, the Ta2O5/BiVO4 obtained via hydrothermal route showed a photodegradation of 72.3%, compared to 28.3% presented by the sample produced through the mechanical mixture, with the maintenance of 86.4% of its photocatalytic performance after 3 cycles of photodegradation. For H2 production, hydrothermally prepared Ta2O5/BiVO4 generated 10.2 μmol g-1 of H2 in 3 h; while Ta2O5 nanotubes and mechanical Ta2O5/BiVO4 mixture shows 6.82 and 2.80 μmol g-1, respectively. The results suggest that Ta2O5/BiVO4 is a promising material for applications in photocatalysis, promoting sustainable energy production through hydrogen and for the treatment of effluents containing cationic dyes.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lujo Matasović ◽  
Barbara Panić ◽  
Matej Bubaš ◽  
Hrvoj Vančik ◽  
Ivana Biljan ◽  
...  

We present a comprehensive analysis on how the electronic structure and the optical properties of an organic polymer can be modulated, based on the example of the dinitrosobenzene polymer (1). Using a combination of computational and experimental tools, we explore the effects of solid-state packing, backbone torsion, surface adsorption, the conjugation in the aromatic core, and substituents. The band gap (Eg) and optical spectrum of 1 are calculated using both GW-BSE with zero-gap renormalization (ZGR) and hybrid TD-DFT, with the former method predicting a value (2.41 eV) in excellent agreement with our diffuse reflectance spectroscopy measurements (2.39 eV). Using GW-BSE-ZGR, changes occurring upon solidstate packing are separated into a contribution arising from (i) the change in the torsional angle and (ii) the change in the screened Coulombic interaction, which strongly effects the exciton binding energies. Comprehensive hybrid TD-DFT calculations find that the effects of substituents on Eg and on transport properties can mostly be explained through changes in the torsional angle, and predict a linear dependence between it and Eg. Extending the conjugation in the aromatic core is found to enhance transport properties and narrow Eg, identifying future synthetic targets. Atomic force microscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry are used to study 1 adsorbed to a (111) gold surface (1@Au), with the latter method showing a significant narrowing of the band gap to 0.68 eV, in good agreement with TD-DFT predictions.


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