scholarly journals Spatial Stroop and spatial orienting: the role of onset versus offset cues

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunming Luo ◽  
Juan Lupiáñez ◽  
Xiaolan Fu ◽  
Xuchu Weng
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Orienting ◽  
Spatial Stroop

scholarly journals On the role of the ventral attention system in spatial orienting

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana B. Chica ◽  
Alexia Bourgeois ◽  
Paolo Bartolomeo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Orienting ◽  
Attention System

Preparatory Activity in Visual Cortex Indexes Distractor Suppression During Covert Spatial Orienting

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 3538-3545 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Serences ◽  
Steven Yantis ◽  
Andrew Culberson ◽  
Edward Awh
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Signal Enhancement ◽  
Visual Selective Attention ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spatial Orienting ◽  
Preparatory Activity ◽  
Evoked Activity

The deployment of spatial attention induces retinotopically specific increases in neural activity that occur even before a target stimulus is presented. Although this preparatory activity is thought to prime the attended regions, thereby improving perception and recognition, it is not yet clear whether this activity is a manifestation of signal enhancement at the attended locations or suppression of interference from distracting stimuli (or both). We investigated the functional role of these preparatory shifts by isolating a distractor suppression component of selection. Behavioral data have shown that manipulating the probability that visual distractors will appear modulates distractor suppression without concurrent changes in signal enhancement. In 2 experiments, functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed increased cue-evoked activity in retinotopically specific regions of visual cortex when increased distractor suppression was elicited by a high probability of distractors. This finding directly links cue-evoked preparatory activity in visual cortex with a distractor suppression component of visual selective attention.

Spatial Orienting and Attentional Capture

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Theeuwes
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Attentional Capture ◽  
Contingent Capture ◽  
Distractor Location ◽  
Endogenous Orienting ◽  
Spatial Orienting ◽  
Attentional Window ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Search Modes

The present review discusses basic findings and current controversies regarding spatial orienting and attentional capture. Endogenous and exogenous spatial orienting and their interaction are discussed in relation to recent debates regarding the role of orienting in the preparation of eye movements, in relation to subliminal cueing, and to the debate whether spatial attention is needed for the detection of basic features. The review also discusses whether it is possible to cue a distractor location in order to reduce its effect on target processing. Stimulus-driven attentional capture and contingent capture are discussed in relation to controversies regarding non-spatial filtering, the existence of assumed search modes, and the concept of the attentional window. The review concludes that contingent capture may be nothing other than endogenous orienting.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

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