Identity, place and values. On construction and internalization of festival normalities on the examples of music festivals in Poland

The aim of this paper is to compare of how two different festivals stimulate specific norms and perceptions, and therefore to present the way in which the visions of the festival cities are reproduced by the festival audience based on the axio-normative orders contained in the missions of the events. Based on the shared symbols and life strategies promoted by festivals, participants (re)build their identity which they manifest in chosen cultural practices. The article attempt to answer the following question: what is shared by festival-goers? Are the main motivations for participating in the vent due to shared musical tastes or also specific values and lifestyles, and consequently a common identity? It has been shown that the values promoted during festivals are declared by their organizers – they are present in the visual identification, seminars, workshops, etc. Festivals create their narratives based on symbols such as logos, attitude smartphones, or festival slogans which contain condensed axio-normative systems that create the boundaries of the community. It influencesthe behavior of festival goers: the city’s vision, ways of spending free time, and their identity. The places where the fieldwork was conducted were: “Henryk Rasiewicz National Festival of Unbreakable and Independent Songs in Kraków”, “Ostróda Reggae Festiva” in Ostróda, and the “Song of Our RootsFestival” in Jarosław.

Dynamics of Normative Change for International Nuclear Export Controls

Like other normative systems, the international nuclear export control norms are incomplete and at times contradictory. Thus, contestations to the international nuclear export control norms inevitably emerge, as they did in the wake of the 1974 Indian nuclear test and the 1991 discovery of Iraq’s nuclear weapons program. These two nuclear crises prompted intense debates regarding the adequacy of the existing norms. The outcome of the debates generated overwhelming agreement and action among nuclear suppliers that they required strengthening. Drawing on Wayne Sandholtz’s theory of normative change, which argues that events trigger disputes whose outcomes modify norms, this article illustrates how the nuclear export control norms have evolved in a cyclical fashion. The article aims to contribute to the constructivist literature on normative change and discusses policy implications.

RACISMO E O DIREITO TRANSNACIONAL: A SIGNIFICAÇÃO DO SER NEGRO NO TEMPO E NOS ESPAÇOS PELOS QUAIS SE DESLOCA

O presente estudo trata do panorama transnacional do racismo, cuja publicização das ofensas é impulsionada pela globalização, restando escancaradas as dificuldades sofridas pelo “ser negro”, as quais se perpetuam no tempo e nos espaços pelos quais se desloca. Estruturado no método indutivo com a adoção da técnica do conceito operacional e da pesquisa bibliográfica, seu objetivo geral é categorizar o Direito Transnacional como rico instrumento de política antirracista, na medida em que visa a proteção do homem. Como objetivos específicos, se busca evidenciar o que é racismo e os fatos históricos e migratórios que lhe sustentam; apresentar o contexto transnacional da discriminação racial; e denunciar a ineficiência estatal, por meio dos tradicionais sistemas normativos internos, no combate ao racismo. Ao final, observar-se-á, que a discriminação racial desferida em face dos migrantes e nacionais, conforme meras características físicas, pode e merece ser enfrentada com os sólidos arcabouços afetos ao Direito Transnacional. Palavras-Chave: Direito Transnacional. Globalização. Migrações. Racismo. Ser negro. Abstract: The current study is about the transnational racism panorama, which the offense publicity is driven by globalization, remaining wide open difficulties suffered about “being black”, which perpetuated in time and spaces through it moves. Structured in the inductive method with the adoption of operational concept technique in the bibliographic, what general goals are to categorize Transnational Law as rich anti-racist political instrument, in a measure that considers protection of men. As specifics goals, its search the evidence in what is racism and the historical facts that sustains; to present the transnational context of racial discrimination; the States inefficiency, through their traditional normative systems in combating racism. By the end, it will be observed that racial discriminations in migrants and nationals, according to few physical characterizes, can and deserves to be seen structures of solid affect frameworks of Transnational Law. Keywords: Transnational Law. Globalization. Migrations. Racism. Being black.

Economic, Social and Cultural Rights During Crisis in Cyprus: The Interplay Between Domestic and External Normative Systems

Economic, Social and Cultural (ESC) rights have been present and active in the Cypriot legal order from the moment of its constitutional genesis. Due to the special relationship between the Constitution and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), the judiciary has adopted a unique approach when interpreting the Constitution; it has been willing to engage into a comparative juridical analysis and to rely on the ECHR and the findings of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECtHR). Through this nexus with the ECHR and the streamlined approach with the ECtHR, the legal system of Cyprus has been progressive in placing social and economic rights – and to a lesser extent cultural rights – in a secure position. This traditional approach of the Cypriot courts was called into question by the 2011-2016 economic crisis, which challenged the interplay between domestic and external normative systems. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of the recent economic crisis on the protection of ESC rights and the change in the balance between domestic and normative systems. The analysis concludes that the protection of ESC rights under the Cypriot Constitution, as formed by Cypriot case law, has been substantive and effective, while positively influenced by the extensive deployment of the comparative method. That long-standing approach has been challenged by the economic crisis and it seems that the extrovert judicial viewpoint is now partly reconsidered. The Supreme Court has indicated, albeit in specific instances, its willingness to disregard guidance from external influences and to focus instead on the idea that national constitutional protection can and should exceed that of the ECHR.

Closure

When people learn normative systems, they do so based on limited evidence. Many of the possible actions that are available to an agent have never been explicitly permitted or prohibited. But people will often need to figure out whether those unspecified actions are permitted or prohibited. How does a learner resolve this incompleteness? It seems that at least for many people in many contexts, there is an assumption that if an action-type is not expressly forbidden, then acts of that type are permitted. This “closure principle” is one of Liberty. But how might such a principle be acquired? This chapter argues that the statistical technique of pedagogical sampling provides an answer. If one is taught a rule system via a set of prohibitions, this provides reason to think that the set of actions in the domain that are not mentioned in the prohibitions are permitted.

Rational Rules

Moral systems, like normative systems more broadly, involve complex mental representations. Rational Rules offers an account of the acquisition of key aspects of normative systems in terms of general-purpose rational learning procedures. In particular, it offers statistical learning accounts of: (1) how people come to think that a rule is act-based, that is, the rule prohibits producing certain consequences but not allowing such consequences to occur or persist; (2) how people come to expect that a new rule will also be act-based; (3) how people come to believe a principle of liberty, according to which whatever is not expressly prohibited is permitted; and (4) how people come to think that some normative claims hold universally while others hold only relative to some group. This provides an empiricist theory of a key part of moral acquisition, since the learning procedures are domain general. It also entails that crucial parts of our moral system enjoy rational credentials since the learning procedures are forms of rational inference. There is another sense in which rules can be rational—they can be effective for achieving our ends, given our ecological settings. Rational Rules argues that at least some central components of our moral systems are indeed ecologically rational: they are good at helping us attain common goals. In addition, the book argues that a basic form of rule representation brings motivation along automatically. Thus, part of the explanation for why we follow moral rules is that we are built to follow rules quite generally.

The construction of the Lachibaa Community Museum, in Magdalena Apasco, Etla Oaxaca. an approach to open government?

Open Government emerged in 2009 as a new paradigm of public administration and a new way of dealing with public affairs, based on the pillars, Transparency, Participation, Collaboration, Innovation and Accountability. Local governments have also joined in this effort; however little is known about what is happening in the municipalities of Indigenous Normative Systems. This paper analyzes the creation of the Lachibaa Community Museum, in Magdalena Apasco, Oaxaca, as a Collaborative process (pillar) of the current Open Government approach. It is explored how Open Government can be present in indigenous municipalities, which have a special legal regime that recognizes and respects their uses and customs.