scholarly journals Population structure and infectious disease risk in southern Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 292 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Uren ◽  
Marlo Möller ◽  
Paul D. van Helden ◽  
Brenna M. Henn ◽  
Eileen G. Hoal
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Disease Risk

scholarly journals Inferring R 0 in emerging epidemics—the effect of common population structure is small

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (121) ◽  
pp. 20160288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Trapman ◽  
Frank Ball ◽  
Jean-Stéphane Dhersin ◽  
Viet Chi Tran ◽  
Jacco Wallinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Robust Control ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Contact Structures ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Control Effort ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Epidemiological Parameters ◽  
The Basic Reproduction Number

When controlling an emerging outbreak of an infectious disease, it is essential to know the key epidemiological parameters, such as the basic reproduction number R 0 and the control effort required to prevent a large outbreak. These parameters are estimated from the observed incidence of new cases and information about the infectious contact structures of the population in which the disease spreads. However, the relevant infectious contact structures for new, emerging infections are often unknown or hard to obtain. Here, we show that, for many common true underlying heterogeneous contact structures, the simplification to neglect such structures and instead assume that all contacts are made homogeneously in the whole population results in conservative estimates for R 0 and the required control effort. This means that robust control policies can be planned during the early stages of an outbreak, using such conservative estimates of the required control effort.

scholarly journals Effect of Hand Hygiene on Infectious Disease Risk in the Community Setting: A Meta-Analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 1372-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison E. Aiello ◽  
Rebecca M. Coulborn ◽  
Vanessa Perez ◽  
Elaine L. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Community Setting

scholarly journals Impact of Infectious Disease Risk Perception on Perceived Retail Crowding: With Special Reference to Retail Industry in Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
AISDL
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Interpersonal Interactions ◽  
Consumption Decision ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Density

The global pandemic of COVID 19 has changed consumer behaviour to reduce the risk. This is common for all interpersonal interactions of individuals especially in maintaining the recommended interpersonal distance based on the recommendations from the health experts. Sri Lanka as a developing country affected by COVID 19, observed changes in individuals' day today’ consumption decision making due to pandemic. Importantly the retailing sector is highly influenced by the conditions since the frequency of interpersonal interactions and degree of interaction is higher in the retailing sector. Interestingly the retailing sector with its largest contributor, the SMEs need to identify the unique changes that happen to the consumer behaviour in responding to them. Accordingly, the objective of the study is to examine the impact of infectious disease risk on the perceived retail crowding in two perspectives of human density and the spatial density. The study has used a quantitative survey in collecting data with the online self-administrated questionnaire with a sample of 100 consumers. Data analysis has been done by using a PLS-SEM with the support of SmartPLS version 3. The key findings of the study emphasize the significant positive influence of infectious disease risk on human density as well as on the spatial density. Based on the findings the study attempts to provide the implications for the retailing industry to cope with situational changes in the environment.

A Candide response to Panglossian accusations by Randolph and Dobson: biodiversity buffers disease

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (10) ◽  
pp. 1196-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD S. OSTFELD
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
High Diversity

SUMMARYRandolph and Dobson (2012) criticize the dilution effect, which describes the negative relationship between biodiversity and infectious disease risk. Unfortunately, their commentary includes distortions, errors of omission, and errors of commission, which are rebutted herein. Contrary to their claims, the dilution effect is not a ‘mantra’ that asserts that reduced disease risk is a ‘universal’ outcome of high diversity. Although universality of the dilution effect has not been claimed, and conditions under which diversity can amplify disease risk have been described, the growing literature indicates that the dilution effect is indeed a widespread phenomenon.

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