Development of a molecular methodology to quantify Staphylococcus epidermidis in surgical washout samples from prosthetic joint replacement surgery

Abstract Periprosthetic infection (PPI) is a devastating complication in joint replacement surgery. On the background of an aging population, the number of joint replacements and associated complications is expected to increase. The capability for biofilm formation and the increasing resistance of different microbes to antibiotics have complicated the treatment of PPI, requiring the need for the development of alternative treatment options. The bactericidal effect of the naturally occurring amino alcohol sphingosine has already been reported. In our study, we demonstrate the antimicrobial efficacy of sphingosine on three different strains of biofilm producing Staphylococcus epidermidis, representing one of the most frequent microbes involved in PPI. In an in vitro analysis, sphingosine’s capability for prevention and treatment of biofilm-contamination on different common orthopedic implant surfaces was tested. Coating titanium implant samples with sphingosine not only prevented implant contamination but also revealed a significant reduction of biofilm formation on the implant surfaces by 99.942%. When testing the antimicrobial efficacy of sphingosine on sessile biofilm-grown Staphylococcus epidermidis, sphingosine solution was capable to eliminate 99.999% of the bacteria on the different implant surfaces, i.e., titanium, steel, and polymethylmethacrylate. This study provides evidence on the antimicrobial efficacy of sphingosine for both planktonic and sessile biofilm-grown Staphylococcus epidermidis on contaminated orthopedic implants. Sphingosine may provide an effective and cheap treatment option for prevention and reduction of infections in joint replacement surgery. Key messages • Here we established a novel technology for prevention of implant colonization by sphingosine-coating of orthopedic implant materials. • Sphingosine-coating of orthopedic implants prevented bacterial colonization and significantly reduced biofilm formation on implant surfaces by 99.942%. • Moreover, sphingosine solution was capable to eliminate 99.999% of sessile biofilm-grown Staphylococcus epidermidis on different orthopedic implant surfaces.

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Joint Replacement Surgery Booklet

Internal Medicine News ◽

10.1016/s1097-8690(07)71505-6 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Keyword(s):

Joint Replacement ◽

Joint Replacement Surgery ◽

Replacement Surgery

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Would Allowing Privately Funded Health Care Reduce the Public Waiting Time? Theory and Empirical Evidence from Canadian Joint Replacement Surgery Data

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2154134 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Hong Chen ◽

Qu Qian ◽

Anming Zhang

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Empirical Evidence ◽

Waiting Time ◽

Joint Replacement ◽

The Public ◽

Joint Replacement Surgery ◽

Replacement Surgery ◽

Time Theory

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COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) lymphocyte responses are associated with inflammatory biomarkers in total joint replacement surgery candidates pre-operatively

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research ◽

10.1186/s13018-021-02563-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marco S. Caicedo ◽

Vianey Flores ◽

Alicia Padilla ◽

Samelko Lauryn ◽

Joshua J. Jacobs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Joint Replacement ◽

Total Joint Replacement ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽

Nucleocapsid Proteins ◽

Joint Replacement Surgery ◽

Replacement Surgery ◽

Operative Planning ◽

Lymphocyte Responses ◽

Reactive Lymphocytes

Abstract Background Recent studies indicate that, in addition to antibody production, lymphocyte responses to SARS-CoV-2 may play an important role in protective immunity to COVID-19 and a percentage of the general population may exhibit lymphocyte memory due to unknown/asymptomatic exposure to SARS-CoV-2 or cross-reactivity to other more common coronaviruses pre-vaccination. Total joint replacement (TJR) candidates returning to elective surgeries (median age 68 years) may exhibit similar lymphocyte and/or antibody protection to COVID-19 prior to vaccination Methods In this retrospective study, we analyzed antibody titters, lymphocyte memory, and inflammatory biomarkers specific for the Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in a cohort of n=73 returning TJR candidates (knees and/or hips) pre-operatively. Results Peripheral blood serum of TJR candidate patients exhibited a positivity rate of 18.4% and 4% for IgG antibodies specific for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins, respectively. 13.5% of TJR candidates exhibited positive lymphocyte reactivity (SI > 2) to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and 38% to the spike protein. SARS-CoV-2 reactive lymphocytes exhibited a higher production of inflammatory biomarkers (i.e., IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and IL-1RA) compared to non-reactive lymphocytes. Conclusions A percentage of TJR candidates returning for elective surgeries exhibit pre-vaccination positive SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and T cell memory responses with associated pro-inflammatory biomarkers. This is an important parameter for understanding immunity, risk profiles, and may aid pre-operative planning. Trial registration Retrospectively registered.

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