Near-surface air temperature lapse rates in Xinjiang, northwestern China

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1221-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingxia Du ◽  
Mingjun Zhang ◽  
Shengjie Wang ◽  
Xiaofan Zhu ◽  
Yanjun Che
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Lapse Rates

scholarly journals Modelling spatial patterns of near-surface air temperature over a decade of melt seasons on McCall Glacier, Alaska

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (257) ◽  
pp. 386-400
Author(s):  
Patrick Troxler ◽  
Álvaro Ayala ◽  
Thomas E. Shaw ◽  
Matt Nolan ◽  
Ben W. Brock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Flow Line ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Elevation Difference ◽  
Dependent Model ◽  
Glacier Flow ◽  
Lapse Rates

AbstractWe examine the spatial patterns of near-surface air temperature (Ta) over a melting glacier using a multi-annual dataset from McCall Glacier, Alaska. The dataset consists of a 10-year (2005–2014) meteorological record along the glacier centreline up to an upper glacier cirque, spanning an elevation difference of 900 m. We test the validity of on-glacier linear lapse rates, and a model that calculates Ta based on the influence of katabatic winds and other heat sources along the glacier flow line. During the coldest hours of each summer (10% of time), average lapse rates across the entire glacier range from −4.7 to −6.7°C km−1, with a strong relationship between Ta and elevation (R2 > 0.7). During warm conditions, Ta shows more complex, non-linear patterns that are better explained by the flow line-dependent model, reducing errors by up to 0.5°C compared with linear lapse rates, although more uncertainty might be associated with these observations due to occasionally poor sensor ventilation. We conclude that Ta spatial distribution can vary significantly from year to year, and from one glacier section to another. Importantly, extrapolations using linear lapse rates from the ablation zone might lead to large underestimations of Ta on the upper glacier areas.

Seasonal and Synoptic Variations in Near-Surface Air Temperature Lapse Rates in a Mountainous Basin

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy R. Blandford ◽  
Karen S. Humes ◽  
Brian J. Harshburger ◽  
Brandon C. Moore ◽  
Von P. Walden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Lapse Rate ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Weather Types ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Synoptic Weather ◽  
South Central ◽  
Lapse Rates

Abstract To accurately estimate near-surface (2 m) air temperatures in a mountainous region for hydrologic prediction models and other investigations of environmental processes, the authors evaluated daily and seasonal variations (with the consideration of different weather types) of surface air temperature lapse rates at a spatial scale of 10 000 km2 in south-central Idaho. Near-surface air temperature data (Tmax, Tmin, and Tavg) from 14 meteorological stations were used to compute daily lapse rates from January 1989 to December 2004 for a medium-elevation study area in south-central Idaho. Daily lapse rates were grouped by month, synoptic weather type, and a combination of both (seasonal–synoptic). Daily air temperature lapse rates show high variability at both daily and seasonal time scales. Daily Tmax lapse rates show a distinct seasonal trend, with steeper lapse rates (greater decrease in temperature with height) occurring in summer and shallower rates (lesser decrease in temperature with height) occurring in winter. Daily Tmin and Tavg lapse rates are more variable and tend to be steepest in spring and shallowest in midsummer. Different synoptic weather types also influence lapse rates, although differences are tenuous. In general, warmer air masses tend to be associated with steeper lapse rates for maximum temperature, and drier air masses have shallower lapse rates for minimum temperature. The largest diurnal range is produced by dry tropical conditions (clear skies, high solar input). Cross-validation results indicate that the commonly used environmental lapse rate [typically assumed to be −0.65°C (100 m)−1] is solely applicable to maximum temperature and often grossly overestimates Tmin and Tavg lapse rates. Regional lapse rates perform better than the environmental lapse rate for Tmin and Tavg, although for some months rates can be predicted more accurately by using monthly lapse rates. Lapse rates computed for different months, synoptic types, and seasonal–synoptic categories all perform similarly. Therefore, the use of monthly lapse rates is recommended as a practical combination of effective performance and ease of implementation.

scholarly journals Near-surface air temperature lapse rates in the mainland China during 1962-2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (14) ◽  
pp. 7505-7515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuping Li ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Deliang Chen ◽  
Kun Yang ◽  
Baolin Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Lapse Rates

scholarly journals Estimation of near-surface air temperature lapse rates over continental Spain and its mountain areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 3233-3249 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Navarro-Serrano ◽  
J. I. López-Moreno ◽  
C. Azorin-Molina ◽  
E. Alonso-González ◽  
M. Tomás-Burguera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Lapse Rates

Near surface air temperature lapse rates over complex terrain: a WRF based analysis of controlling factors and processes for the central Himalayas

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 329-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramchandra Karki ◽  
Shabeh ul Hasson ◽  
Udo Schickhoff ◽  
Thomas Scholten ◽  
Jürgen Böhner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Central Himalayas ◽  
Lapse Rates

scholarly journals Evaluation and Comparison of Noah and Pleim–Xiu Land Surface Models in MM5 Using GÖTE2001 Data: Spatial and Temporal Variations in Near-Surface Air Temperature

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1587-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-F. Miao ◽  
D. Chen ◽  
K. Borne
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Soil Moisture Initialization ◽  
Evident Difference

Abstract In this study, the performance of two advanced land surface models (LSMs; Noah LSM and Pleim–Xiu LSM) coupled with the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5), version 3.7.2, in simulating the near-surface air temperature in the greater Göteborg area in Sweden is evaluated and compared using the GÖTE2001 field campaign data. Further, the effects of different planetary boundary layer schemes [Eta and Medium-Range Forecast (MRF) PBLs] for Noah LSM and soil moisture initialization approaches for Pleim–Xiu LSM are investigated. The investigation focuses on the evaluation and comparison of diurnal cycle intensity and maximum and minimum temperatures, as well as the urban heat island during the daytime and nighttime under the clear-sky and cloudy/rainy weather conditions for different experimental schemes. The results indicate that 1) there is an evident difference between Noah LSM and Pleim–Xiu LSM in simulating the near-surface air temperature, especially in the modeled urban heat island; 2) there is no evident difference in the model performance between the Eta PBL and MRF PBL coupled with the Noah LSM; and 3) soil moisture initialization is of crucial importance for model performance in the Pleim–Xiu LSM. In addition, owing to the recent release of MM5, version 3.7.3, some experiments done with version 3.7.2 were repeated to reveal the effects of the modifications in the Noah LSM and Pleim–Xiu LSM. The modification to longwave radiation parameterizations in Noah LSM significantly improves model performance while the adjustment of emissivity, one of the vegetation properties, affects Pleim–Xiu LSM performance to a larger extent. The study suggests that improvements both in Noah LSM physics and in Pleim–Xiu LSM initialization of soil moisture and parameterization of vegetation properties are important.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document