Assessment of consumer VR-headsets’ objective and subjective field of view (FoV) and its feasibility for visual field testing

AbstractVirtual reality as a research environment has seen a boost in its popularity during the last decades. Not only the usage fields for this technology have broadened, but also a research niche has appeared as the hardware improved and became more affordable. Experiments in vision research are constructed upon the basis of accurately displaying stimuli with a specific position and size. For classical screen setups, viewing distance and pixel position on the screen define the perceived position for subjects in a relatively precise fashion. However, projection fidelity in HMDs strongly depends on eye and face physiological parameters. This study introduces an inexpensive method to measure the perceived field of view and its dependence upon the eye position and the interpupillary distance, using a super wide angle camera. Measurements of multiple consumer VR headsets show that manufacturers’ claims regarding field of view of their HMDs are mostly unrealistic. Additionally, we performed a “Goldmann” perimetry test in VR to obtain subjective results as a validation of the objective camera measurements. Based on this novel data, the applicability of these devices to test humans’ field of view was evaluated.

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Abstract TP245: Feasibility of Mobile, Wearable Telestroke Devices

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.47.suppl_1.tp245 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Steven Warach ◽

Ben T King ◽

Kristen V Chandler ◽

Christopher Topel ◽

Irene A Tabas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Field Testing ◽

Field Of View ◽

Visual Field Testing ◽

Glass Technology ◽

Technical Problems ◽

Smart Glasses ◽

Patient Interaction ◽

Video And Audio ◽

Strongly Agree

Background: Wearable technologies offer potential telestroke applications that are more mobile and potentially less expensive than traditional telemedicine carts. In an earlier, pilot phase of this research program the best performing software and hardware combination for transmission of encrypted video and audio streaming was selected for further testing. Method: We tested Vuzix M100 smart glasses device and Pristine EyeSight HIPAA-compliant video streaming services. The device wearers, emergency physicians, performed the NIHSS, and a remote vascular neurologist or neurology resident viewed the exam. Providers recorded their score and evaluated the functionality of the device with a standardized list of questions. Results: The device was assessed in 52 subjects. The providers wearing the device reported the device useful (Agree or Strongly Agree) in making an assessment in 79% of cases and that they could assess the patient well 90% of the time. However, the wearers also reported both distraction from and interference with patient interaction due to the device in 98% of cases evaluated. The viewers also reported finding the device useful in making an assessment of stroke symptoms in 79% of cases (a different set of 79% than the wearers), but in only 65% of cases did they Agree or Strongly Agree that they could assess the patient well. Viewers reported an inadequate field of view for visual field testing in 63% of cases. The inter-rater agreement between the wearer and viewer on the total NIHSS showed moderate agreement (κ = 0.45). Although the technology was easy to use in 92% of the assessments, technical problems (mainly connectivity lags) were reported by the wearer 46% of the time and by the viewer 31% of the time. The technology was rated inadequate for assessing patients in 1 case by the wearers and 3 cases by the viewers. Conclusion: Wearable smart glass technology is feasible in assessing stroke patients and shows promise as a telestroke solution, however interference with physician-patient interaction, limited field of view for visual field testing and connectivity glitches are perceived limitations.

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Response to: Is formal visual field testing essential prior to upper eyelid surgery in a post-COVID-19 era?

Eye ◽

10.1038/s41433-021-01639-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Samantha Vicki Hunt ◽

Rebecca Ford

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Field Testing ◽

Visual Field Testing ◽

Upper Eyelid ◽

Eyelid Surgery

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The Importance of Visual Field Testing in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology ◽

10.1212/01.con.0000453302.20110.29 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 1067-1074

Author(s):

Michael Wall

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Intracranial Hypertension ◽

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ◽

Field Testing ◽

Visual Field Testing

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Scotoma analysis of 10–2 visual field testing with a red target in screening for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy

Clinical Ophthalmology ◽

10.2147/opth.s87850 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 1499 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

David Browning ◽

Chong Lee

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Field Testing ◽

Visual Field Testing ◽

Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy

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Objective Visual Field Testing

JAMA ◽

10.1001/jama.1963.63710080001008 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 186 (8) ◽

pp. 767 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Richard M. Copenhaver

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Field Testing ◽

Visual Field Testing

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Risk of Retinal Toxicity in Longterm Users of Hydroxychloroquine

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.170158 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (11) ◽

pp. 1674-1679 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Ji-Won Kim ◽

Yoon Young Kim ◽

Hwajeong Lee ◽

Sung-Hoon Park ◽

Seong-Kyu Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Fundus Autofluorescence ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Field Testing ◽

Retinal Toxicity ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Visual Field Testing ◽

Daily Dose ◽

Study Participants

Objective.Several studies have reported risk factors for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinal toxicity, but data are limited for patients of Asian ancestry. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of and factors for HCQ retinal toxicity in the Korean population.Methods.There were 123 patients enrolled in this study who were using or had used HCQ. Retinal toxicity was detected using spectral domain optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, multifocal electroretinography, and automated visual field testing. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with HCQ retinal toxicity.Results.Mean duration of HCQ use and mean HCQ dose in study participants was 10.1 years and 6.4 mg/kg, respectively. We found 17 patients (13.8%) with HCQ retinal toxicity among 123 patients. Patients with retinal toxicity took HCQ ranging from 6.7–21.9 years and daily dosage ranging from 4.9–9.1 mg/kg. Only 1 patient had retinal toxicity among patients with daily dose < 5.0 mg/kg. These factors increased the risk of HCQ retinal toxicity: longer duration of HCQ use [adjusted OR (aOR) = 4.71, 95% CI 2.18–10.15 for duration of HCQ use in 5-yr increments], higher daily HCQ dose (aOR = 3.34, 95% CI 1.03–10.80 for daily HCQ dose in 100-mg increments), and the presence of kidney disease (aOR = 8.56, 95% CI 1.15–64.00).Conclusion.HCQ retinal toxicity is associated with duration of HCQ use, daily HCQ dose, and presence of kidney disease. Proper dosing of maximum 5 mg/kg and regular screening according to risk factors are important in HCQ use.

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