Use of sewage sludge in silvopastoral systems under Pinus radiata D. Don: soil, tree growth, and pasture production

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Rigueiro-Rodríguez ◽  
María Rosa Mosquera-Losada ◽  
Nuria Ferreiro-Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Silvopastoral Systems ◽  
Pasture Production

Agroforestry in Eastern Otago: results from two long-term experiments

2000 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
G.G. Cossens ◽  
M.F. Hawke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Clover Content ◽  
Pasture Yield

During the first 20 years of a Pinus radiata tree rotation, tree growth and pasture yield were assessed under a range of tree spacings at Invermay and Akatore, two coastal sites in Eastern Otago. Pasture yield in association with trees thinned to 100 stems per hectare (sph) was comparable to that from open pasture up to a tree age of 12 years. By the 19th year, however, pasture production declined to 63% of open pasture yield at Invermay and to 42% at Akatore. At 200 and 400 sph at Akatore, pasture yield was similar to that from open pasture at tree age 12 years but declined to 27% and 0% of open pasture yield respectively by year 20. At both Invermay and Akatore, the ryegrass and clover content of open pasture was relatively constant throughout the term of the trial. However, both the ryegrass and clover content of pasture beneath trees began to decline by tree age 12 years with a very rapid decline at Akatore in the number of pasture species at 200 sph by the 19th year. No pasture remained at 400 sph, after 19 years. Livestock carrying capacity with sheep on tree treatments at Invermay decreased from 100% of open pasture at year 6 to 60% by year 10. At Akatore, livestock carrying capacity averaged over the 20-year life of the trial was 4.1 stock units per hectare with a maximum of 8.1 stock units at a tree age of 8 years. Tree growth at both sites was similar, averaging between 1 and 1.1 m/year in height over 20 years, with trees at Invermay at 100 sph averaging 9% greater height and diameter growth than at Akatore. Increasing tree stocking from 100 to 200 to 400 sph at Akatore, resulted in increased tree height, but decreased diameter at breast height. A comparison of the East Otago trees with those in a similar trial at Tikitere (Rotorua) 900 km further north indicated that the southern trees were about 6 years later in their growth pattern by tree age 20 years. On both sites, soil pH tended to be lower in the presence of trees and was significantly lower than in open pasture by year 20. The results and comparisons with the Tikitere data suggest that, in an integrated agroforestry regime, there will be livestock grazing under the trees further into the tree rotation in Otago than in North Island sites. However, slower tree growth would result in a longer rotation time to harvest. Current recommendations to farmers are to plant trees on the less productive areas of the farm and adopt a tree stocking rate which fully utilises the site. Keywords: agroforestry, livestock, pasture, Pinus radiata, soil pH, tree stocking

scholarly journals Production and interaction of pastures and shelterbelts in the central North Island

1993 ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. Hawke ◽  
J.D. Tombleson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Nutrient Transfer ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Matter Production

Many New Zealand farms contain shelterbelts which have generally been unmanaged, resulting in dubious shelter benefits and poor log values at harvest. The effect of a 6- and 7-row Pinus radiata shelterbelt on adjacent pasture production was monitored at Matea, Taupo during 1992193. Pasture production was measured at a range of distances parallel'to the shelterbelts on both sides and on open pasture. A 15% increase in pasture production was recorded at 0.7 tree height distance on both sides of the shelterbelts. There was also a gradual trend of increasing dry matter production as distance from the shelterbelts increased. However, on average, the sheltered zone produced slightly less dry matter than the open pasture. Increases in soil and herbage nutrient levels close to the shelterbelt suggest nutrient transfer by animals to the sheltered zones may have occurred. Shelterbelt tree growth was assessed and projected forward to maturity. Merchantable log volume at age 28 years was predicted to be 2300 m3/km of shelterbelt. Based on current log prices the 7-row shelterbelt was estimated at age 28 years to have a net value of $130 000/km Keywords: log value, nutrients, pasture production, pasture composition, Pinus radiata, shelter, shelterbelt, wood yields

Pasture production under a series of Pinus radiata-pasture agroforestry systems in South-West Victoria, Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Kellas ◽  
PR Bird ◽  
KN Cumming ◽  
GA Kearney ◽  
AK Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
South West ◽  
Tree Edge ◽  
Belt System ◽  
Over Time

Net pasture production has been monitored over time on an on-going Pinus radiata-pasture agroforestry experiment located at Carngham, Victoria. Established in 1983 by thinning a 2-year-old plantation, the study contains five treatments (systems): open pasture (no trees), 60 trees/ha, 200 trees/ha wide-spaced, 200 trees/ha 5-row belt and 1360 trees/ha. Net pasture production was only weakly affected by the proximity of trees in the 60 trees/ha and 200 trees/ha wide-spaced systems. However, in the 200 trees/ha 5-row belt system, pasture production was often significantly less within the tree zone and at 1.5 m from the tree edge compared with production at 10.5 m from the tree edge. While there was a trend for greater pasture production at 10.5 m and 18 m from the tree line than occurred in the open pasture system, the width of pasture adjacent to the 5-row belts was too narrow (36 m) to demonstrate any shelter benefit on pasture production. From 1990 to 1992, pasture production (kg ha-1) for each system was similar, although production tended to decrease with increasing tree stocking. Following the cessation of pruning (1992), pasture production was significantly reduced by increased tree stocking, such that pasture production in the 200 trees/ha wide-spaced and 200 trees/ha 5-row belt systems was 60% and 69% and 23% and 67% of open pasture in 1993 and 1994 respectively.

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