Production-based pollution versus deforestation: optimal policy with state-independent and-dependent environmental absorption efficiency restoration process

2020 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Fouad El Ouardighi ◽  
Eugene Khmelnitsky ◽  
Marc Leandri
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Policy ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Restoration Process ◽  
Environmental Absorption Efficiency

Transboundary pollution control and environmental absorption efficiency management

2018 ◽  
Vol 287 (2) ◽  
pp. 653-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad El Ouardighi ◽  
Konstantin Kogan ◽  
Giorgio Gnecco ◽  
Marcello Sanguineti
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Transboundary Pollution ◽  
Environmental Absorption Efficiency

Risk-Based Vulnerability Disclosure: Towards Optimal Policy

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C Dingman ◽  
Gianpaolo Russo
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Policy

Optimal Policy in Single-Server Multi-Class Queuing Systems with Abandonment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Ansari ◽  
Laurens Debo ◽  
Seyed Iravani
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Policy ◽  
Single Server ◽  
Queuing Systems

scholarly journals Optimization of Tilmicosin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Using Orthogonal Design for Overcoming Oral Administration Obstacle

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Jia Wen ◽  
Xiuge Gao ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Benazir Sahito ◽  
Hongbin Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers ◽  
Orthogonal Experimental Design ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter

Tilmicosin (TMS) is widely used to treat bacterial infections in veterinary medicine, but the clinical effect is limited by its poor solubility, bitterness, gastric instability, and intestinal efflux transport. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are nowadays considered to be a promising vector of therapeutic drugs for oral administration. In this study, an orthogonal experimental design was applied for optimizing TMS-loaded NLCs (TMS-NLCs). The ratios of emulsifier to mixed lipids, stearic acid to oleic acid, drugs to mixed lipids, and cold water to hot emulsion were selected as the independent variables, while the hydrodynamic diameter (HD), drug loading (DL), and entrapment efficiency (EE) were the chosen responses. The optimized TMS-NLCs had a small HD, high DL, and EE of 276.85 ± 2.62 nm, 9.14 ± 0.04%, and 92.92 ± 0.42%, respectively. In addition, a low polydispersity index (0.231 ± 0.001) and high negative zeta potential (−31.10 ± 0.00 mV) indicated the excellent stability, which was further demonstrated by uniformly dispersed spherical nanoparticles under transmission electron microscopy. TMS-NLCs exhibited a slow and sustained release behavior in both simulated gastric juice and intestinal fluid. Furthermore, MDCK-chAbcg2/Abcb1 cell monolayers were successfully established to evaluate their absorption efficiency and potential mechanism. The results of biodirectional transport showed that TMS-NLCs could enhance the cellular uptake and inhibit the efflux function of drug transporters against TMS in MDCK-chAbcg2/Abcb1 cells. Moreover, the data revealed that TMS-NLCs could enter the cells mainly via the caveolae/lipid raft-mediated endocytosis and partially via macropinocytosis. Furthermore, TMS-NLCs showed the same antibacterial activity as free TMS. Taken together, the optimized NLCs were the promising oral delivery carrier for overcoming oral administration obstacle of TMS.

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