Reduced glutathione export during programmed cell death of Neurospora crassa

APOPTOSIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 940-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia S. Fernandes ◽  
Ana Castro ◽  
Arnaldo Videira
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Reduced Glutathione

scholarly journals VIB-1 Is Required for Expression of Genes Necessary for Programmed Cell Death in Neurospora crassa

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 2161-2173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Dementhon ◽  
Gopal Iyer ◽  
N. Louise Glass
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Extracellular Proteases ◽  
Hyphal Fusion ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Nonself Recognition

ABSTRACT Nonself recognition during somatic growth is an essential and ubiquitous phenomenon in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic species. In filamentous fungi, nonself recognition is also important during vegetative growth. Hyphal fusion between genetically dissimilar individuals results in rejection of heterokaryon formation and in programmed cell death of the fusion compartment. In filamentous fungi, such as Neurospora crassa, nonself recognition and heterokaryon incompatibility (HI) are regulated by genetic differences at het loci. In N. crassa, mutations at the vib-1 locus suppress nonself recognition and HI mediated by genetic differences at het-c/pin-c, mat, and un-24/het-6. vib-1 is a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NDT80, which is a transcriptional activator of genes during meiosis. For this study, we determined that vib-1 encodes a nuclear protein and showed that VIB-1 localization varies during asexual reproduction and during HI. vib-1 is required for the expression of genes involved in nonself recognition and HI, including pin-c, tol, and het-6; all of these genes encode proteins containing a HET domain. vib-1 is also required for the production of downstream effectors associated with HI, including the production of extracellular proteases upon carbon and nitrogen starvation. Our data support a model in which mechanisms associated with starvation and nonself recognition/HI are interconnected. VIB-1 is a major regulator of responses to nitrogen and carbon starvation and is essential for the expression of genes involved in nonself recognition and death in N. crassa.

scholarly journals A novel gene, phcA from Pseudomonas syringae induces programmed cell death in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 672-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gale Wichmann ◽  
Jianping Sun ◽  
Karine Dementhon ◽  
N. Louise Glass ◽  
Steven E. Lindow
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Filamentous Fungus ◽  
Novel Gene

scholarly journals Programmed Cell Death in Neurospora crassa Is Controlled by the Allorecognition Determinant rcd-1

Genetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 213 (4) ◽  
pp. 1387-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asen Daskalov ◽  
Pierre Gladieux ◽  
Jens Heller ◽  
N. Louise Glass
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Nonself Recognition ◽  
Fusion Cell ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Nonself recognition following cell fusion between genetically distinct individuals of the same species in filamentous fungi often results in a programmed cell death (PCD) reaction, where the heterokaryotic fusion cell is compartmentalized and rapidly killed. The allorecognition process plays a key role as a defense mechanism that restricts genome exploitation, resource plundering, and the spread of deleterious senescence plasmids and mycoviruses. Although a number of incompatibility systems have been described that function in mature hyphae, less is known about the PCD pathways in asexual spores, which represent the main infectious unit in various human and plant fungal pathogens. Here, we report the identification of regulator of cell death-1 (rcd-1), a novel allorecognition gene, controlling PCD in germinating asexual spores of Neurospora crassa; rcd-1 is one of the most polymorphic genes in the genomes of wild N. crassa isolates. The coexpression of two antagonistic rcd-1-1 and rcd-1-2 alleles was necessary and sufficient to trigger cell death in fused germlings and in hyphae. Based on analysis of wild populations of N. crassa and N. discreta, rcd-1 alleles appeared to be under balancing selection and associated with trans-species polymorphisms. We shed light on genomic rearrangements that could have led to the emergence of the incompatibility system in Neurospora and show that rcd-1 belongs to a much larger gene family in fungi. Overall, our work contributes toward a better understanding of allorecognition and PCD in an underexplored developmental stage of filamentous fungi.

scholarly journals Transcriptional profiling and functional analysis of heterokaryon incompatibility in Neurospora crassa reveals that reactive oxygen species, but not metacaspases, are associated with programmed cell death

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (12) ◽  
pp. 3957-3970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hutchison ◽  
Sarah Brown ◽  
Chaoguang Tian ◽  
N. Louise Glass
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Hyphal Fusion ◽  
Heterokaryon Incompatibility ◽  
Nonself Recognition

Heterokaryon incompatibility (HI) is a nonself recognition phenomenon occurring in filamentous fungi that is important for limiting resource plundering and restricting viral transfer between strains. Nonself recognition and HI occurs during hyphal fusion between strains that differ at het loci. If two strains undergo hyphal fusion, but differ in allelic specificity at a het locus, the fusion cell is compartmentalized and undergoes a rapid programmed cell death (PCD). Incompatible heterokaryons show a macroscopic phenotype of slow growth and diminished conidiation, and a microscopic phenotype of hyphal compartmentation and cell death. To understand processes associated with HI and PCD, we used whole-genome microarrays for Neurospora crassa to assess transcriptional differences associated with induction of HI mediated by differences in het-c pin-c haplotype. Our data show that HI is a dynamic and transcriptionally active process. The production of reactive oxygen species is implicated in the execution of HI and PCD in N. crassa, as are several genes involved in phosphatidylinositol and calcium signalling pathways. However, genes encoding mammalian homologues of caspases or apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) are not required for HI or programmed cell death. These data indicate that PCD during HI occurs via a novel and possibly fungal-specific mechanism, making this pathway an attractive drug target for control of fungal infections.

scholarly journals Programmed Cell Death in Neurospora crassa

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pedro Gonçalves ◽  
Arnaldo Videira
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Filamentous Fungus ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Chemical Induction ◽  
Hyphal Fusion ◽  
Heterokaryon Incompatibility

Programmed cell death has been studied for decades in mammalian cells, but simpler organisms, including prokaryotes, plants, and fungi, also undergo regulated forms of cell death. We highlight the usefulness of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa as a model organism for the study of programmed cell death. In N. crassa, cell death can be triggered genetically due to hyphal fusion between individuals with different allelic specificities at het loci, in a process called “heterokaryon incompatibility.” Chemical induction of cell death can also be achieved upon exposure to death-inducing agents like staurosporine, phytosphingosine, or hydrogen peroxide. A summary of the recent advances made by our and other groups on the discovery of the mechanisms and mediators underlying the process of cell death in N. crassa is presented.

Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Primary Brain Tumors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Seyed Mir ◽  
A.-S. Berghoff ◽  
M. Preusser ◽  
G. Ricken ◽  
J. Riedl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Primary Brain Tumors
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