scholarly journals Fragility estimation for global building classes using analysis of the Cambridge earthquake damage database (CEQID)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Spence ◽  
Sandra Martínez-Cuevas ◽  
Hannah Baker
Keyword(s):  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Earthquake Damage ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Ground Motion Parameter ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Concrete Building ◽  
Damage Data ◽  
Regional Comparisons

AbstractThis paper describes CEQID, a database of earthquake damage and casualty data assembled since the 1980s based on post-earthquake damage surveys conducted by a range of research groups. Following 2017–2019 updates, the database contains damage data for more than five million individual buildings in over 1000 survey locations following 79 severely damaging earthquakes worldwide. The building damage data for five broadly defined masonry and reinforced concrete building classes has been assembled and a uniform set of six damage levels assigned. Using estimated peak ground acceleration (PGA) for each survey location based on USGS Shakemap data, a set of lognormal fragility curves has been developed to estimate the probability of exceedance of each damage level for each class, and separate fragility curves for each of five geographical regions are presented. A revised set of fragility curves has also been prepared in which the bias in the curve resulting from the uncertainty in the ground motion parameter has been removed. The uncertainty in the fragility curves is evaluated and discussed and the curves are compared with those from other studies. A resistance index for each class of building is developed and cross-regional comparisons using this resistance index are presented.

scholarly journals Fragility Estimation for Global Building Classes Using Analysis of the Cambridge Earthquake Damage Database (CEQID)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Spence ◽  
Sandra Martinez-Cuevas ◽  
Hannah Baker
Keyword(s):  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Earthquake Damage ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Ground Motion Parameter ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Concrete Building ◽  
Damage Data ◽  
Regional Comparisons

Abstract This paper describes CEQID, a database of earthquake damage and casualty data assembled since the 1980s based on post-earthquake damage surveys conducted by a range of research groups. Following 2017–2019 updates, the database contains damage data for more than five million individual buildings in over 1000 survey locations following 79 severely damaging earthquakes worldwide. The building damage data for five broadly defined masonry and reinforced concrete building classes has been assembled and a uniform set of six damage levels assigned. Using estimated peak ground acceleration (PGA) for each survey location based on USGS Shakemap data, a set of lognormal fragility curves has been developed to estimate the probability of exceedance of each damage level for each class, and separate fragility curves for each of five geographical regions are presented. A revised set of fragility curves has also been prepared in which the bias in the curve resulting from the uncertainty in the ground motion parameter has been removed. The uncertainty in the fragility curves is evaluated and discussed and the curves are compared with those from other studies. A resistance index for each class of building is developed and cross-regional comparisons using this resistance index are presented.

Calibration of vulnerability and fragility curves from moderate intensity Italian earthquake damage data

2021 ◽  
pp. 102676
Author(s):  
Giovanni Menichini ◽  
Viola Nistri ◽  
Sonia Boschi ◽  
Emanuele Del Monte ◽  
Maurizio Orlando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Earthquake Damage ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Damage Data ◽  
Italian Earthquake

A Beta Distribution Model for Characterizing Earthquake Damage State Distribution

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 1337-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lallemant ◽  
Anne Kiremidjian
Keyword(s):  
Beta Distribution ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Earthquake Damage ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
State Distribution ◽  
Damage State ◽  
Damage Probability Matrices ◽  
Damage States ◽  
Damage Data ◽  
Probability Matrices

This study investigates methods for modeling the distribution of post-earthquake damage among categorical damage states. Specifically, it is demonstrated that the beta distribution is a good model for characterizing the complete probability distribution of damage states conditioned on ground-motion intensity. Based on extensive post-earthquake damage surveys following the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, the paper proposes the method-of-moments and maximum likelihood estimate-based formulations to fit a beta distribution model to grouped categorical damage data. The beta distribution model is further compared with one based on the binomial distribution, often used to estimate damage state distribution. The study demonstrates that the beta distribution results in little bias and variance in predictions of damage and loss. This model can be the basis for developing damage probability matrices, fragility curves, post-disaster damage estimations, risk assessments, and more.

Statistical Analysis of Bridge Damage Data from the 1994 Northridge, CA, Earthquake

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesrin I. Basöz ◽  
Anne S. Kiremidjian ◽  
Stephanie A. King ◽  
Kincho H. Law
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Repair Cost ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Damage Data ◽  
Bridge Damage ◽  
Observed Damage

This paper presents the significant findings from a study on damage to bridges during the January 17, 1994 Northridge, CA earthquake. The damage and repair cost data were compiled in a database for bridges in the Greater Los Angeles area. Observed damage data for all bridges were discriminated by structural characteristics. The analyses of data on bridge damage showed that concrete structures designed and built with older design standards were more prone to damage under seismic loading. Repair and/or reconstruction of collapsed structures formed seventy five percent of the total estimated repair cost. Peak ground acceleration values were also estimated at all bridge locations as part of this study. Empirical relationships between ground motion and bridge damage, and repair cost ratio were developed in the form of fragility curves and damage probability matrices, respectively. A comparison of the empirical and available ground motion-damage relationships demonstrated that the relationships that are currently in use do not correlate well to the observed damage.

scholarly journals Seismic Fragility Analysis of Institutional Building of Pokhara University

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Narayan Ghimire ◽  
Hemchandra Chaulagain
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Fragility Function ◽  
2015 Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Ground Motion Parameter ◽  
Log Normal

Fragility curves are derived from fragility function that indicates the probability of damage of structure due to earthquake as a function of ground motion parameter. It helps to predict the level of structural damage and consequently reduce the seismic risk in specific ground motion. In this scenario, this study is focused on the construction of fragility curve of institutional reinforced concrete (RC) building of Pokhara University. For this, the building of School of Health and Allied Science (SHAS) is considered as a guiding case study. For the numerical analysis, the study building blocks are modelled in finite element-based software. The non-linear static and linear dynamic analyses are employed for numerical analysis. In dynamic analysis, building models are subjected to the synthetic accelerograms of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. Based on the analyses, the analytical fragility curves are plotted in terms of probability of failure at every 0.1 g interval of peak ground acceleration (PGA) with log normal distribution. Finally, the results are highlighted for different seismic performance level in buildings: slight damage, moderate damage, extensive damage and complete damage for the earthquake of 475 years return period.

scholarly journals Empirical fragility curves for Italian residential RC buildings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rosti ◽  
C. Del Gaudio ◽  
M. Rota ◽  
P. Ricci ◽  
M. Di Ludovico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fragility Curves ◽  
National Level ◽  
Fragility Analysis ◽  
Negative Evidence ◽  
Building Height ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Damage Data ◽  
Building Characteristics ◽  
Observed Damage

AbstractIn this paper, empirical fragility curves for reinforced concrete buildings are derived, based on post-earthquake damage data collected in the aftermath of earthquakes occurred in Italy in the period 1976–2012. These data, made available through an online platform called Da.D.O., provide information on building position, building characteristics and damage detected on different structural components. A critical review of this huge amount of data is carried out to guarantee the consistency among all the considered databases. Then, an in-depth analysis of the degree of completeness of the survey campaign is made, aiming at the identification of the Municipalities subjected to a partial survey campaign, which are discarded from fragility analysis. At the end of this stage, only the Irpinia 1980 and L’Aquila 2009 databases are considered for further elaborations, as fully complying with these criteria. The resulting database is then integrated with non-inspected buildings sited in less affected areas (assumed undamaged), to account for the negative evidence of damage. The PGA evaluated from the shakemaps of the Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) and a metric based on six damage levels according to EMS-98 are used for fragility analysis. The damage levels are obtained from observed damage collected during post-earthquake inspections through existing conversion rules, considering damage to vertical structures and infills/partitions. The maximum damage level observed on vertical structures and infills/partitions is then associated to the whole building. Fragility curves for two vulnerability classes, C2 and D, further subdivided into three classes of building height, are obtained from those derived for specific structural typologies (identified based on building height and type of design), using their frequency of occurrence at national level as weights.

scholarly journals Earthquake Damage Level of Gorontalo Area Based on Seismicity and Peak Ground Acceleration

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Intan Noviantari Manyoe ◽  
Lantu . ◽  
Samsu Arif ◽  
Rakhmat Jaya Lahay
Keyword(s):  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Earthquake Damage ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Damage Level

scholarly journals A Technological System for Post-Earthquake Damage Scenarios Based on the Monitoring by Means of an Urban Seismic Network

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 7887
Author(s):  
Antonio Costanzo ◽  
Sergio Falcone ◽  
Antonino D’Alessandro ◽  
Giovanni Vitale ◽  
Sonia Giovinazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Earthquake Damage ◽  
Technological System ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
Operational Test

A technological system capable of automatically producing damage scenarios at an urban scale, as soon as an earthquake occurs, can help the decision-makers in planning the first post-disaster response, i.e., to prioritize the field activities for checking damage, making a building safe, and supporting rescue and recovery. This system can be even more useful when it works on densely populated areas, as well as on historic urban centers. In the paper, we propose a processing chain on a GIS platform to generate post-earthquake damage scenarios, which are based: (1) on the near real-time processing of the ground motion, that is recorded in different sites by MEMS accelerometric sensor network in order to take into account the local effects, and (2) the current structural characteristics of the built heritage, that can be managed through an information system from the local public administration authority. In the framework of the EU-funded H2020-ARCH project, the components of the system have been developed for the historic area of Camerino (Italy). Currently, some experimental fragility curves in the scientific literature, which are based on the damage observations after Italian earthquakes, are implemented in the platform. These curves allow relating the acceleration peaks obtained by the recordings of the ground motion with the probability to reach a certain damage level, depending on the structural typology. An operational test of the system was performed with reference to an ML3.3 earthquake that occurred 13 km south of Camerino. Acceleration peaks between 1.3 and 4.5 cm/s2 were recorded by the network, and probabilities lower than 35% for negligible damage (and then about 10% for moderate damage) were calculated for the historical buildings given this low-energy earthquake.

scholarly journals Fragility curves for Italian URM buildings based on a hybrid method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sandoli ◽  
G. P. Lignola ◽  
B. Calderoni ◽  
A. Prota
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Ultimate Limit State ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Seismic Behaviour ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Damage Scenario

AbstractA hybrid seismic fragility model for territorial-scale seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings is developed and presented in this paper. The method combines expert-judgment and mechanical approaches to derive typological fragility curves for Italian residential masonry building stock. The first classifies Italian masonry buildings in five different typological classes as function of age of construction, structural typology, and seismic behaviour and damaging of buildings observed following the most severe earthquakes occurred in Italy. The second, based on numerical analyses results conducted on building prototypes, provides all the parameters necessary for developing fragility functions. Peak-Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Ultimate Limit State attainable by each building’s class has been chosen as an Intensity Measure to represent fragility curves: three types of curve have been developed, each referred to mean, maximum and minimum value of PGAs defined for each building class. To represent the expected damage scenario for increasing earthquake intensities, a correlation between PGAs and Mercalli-Cancani-Sieber macroseismic intensity scale has been used and the corresponding fragility curves developed. Results show that the proposed building’s classes are representative of the Italian masonry building stock and that fragility curves are effective for predicting both seismic vulnerability and expected damage scenarios for seismic-prone areas. Finally, the fragility curves have been compared with empirical curves obtained through a macroseismic approach on Italian masonry buildings available in literature, underlining the differences between the methods.

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