scholarly journals Contrasting responses of large carnivores to land use management across an Asian montane landscape in Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Mohammadi ◽  
Christopher Lunnon ◽  
Remington J. Moll ◽  
Cedric Kai Wei Tan ◽  
Kaveh Hobeali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Land Use Management ◽  
Imperfect Detection ◽  
Land Sharing ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Land Sparing

AbstractLand-use change has led to substantial range contractions for many species. Such contractions are particularly acute for wide-ranging large carnivores in Asia’s high altitude areas, which are marked by high spatiotemporal variability in resources. Current conservation planning for human-dominated landscapes often takes one of two main approaches: a “coexistence” (land sharing) approach or a “separation” (land sparing) approach. In this study, we evaluated the effects of land-use management on a guild of large carnivores in a montane ecosystem located in northeastern Iran. We used interview surveys to collect data on Persian leopard Panthera pardus saxicolor and grey wolf Canis lupus and modeled the areas occupied by these species in a Bayesian framework. After accounting for imperfect detection, we found that wolves had a higher probability of occupying the study area than leopards (82%; 95% CI 73–90% vs. 63%; 95% CI 53–73%). Importantly, each predator showed contrasting response to land-use management. National Parks (i.e. human-free areas) had a positive association with leopard occupancy (αNational Park = 2.56, 95% CI 0.22–5.77), in contrast to wolves, which displayed a negative association with National Parks (αNational Park = − 1.62, 95% CI − 2.29 to 0.31). An opposite pattern was observed for human-dominated areas (i.e. Protected Areas and Communal Lands), where occupancy was higher for wolves but lower for leopards. Our study suggests that to protect these large carnivores, a combination of land sharing and land sparing approaches is desirable within Iran montane landscapes. Any recovery program for big cats in Iranian mountains, and likely similar mountainous landscapes in west Asia, should take into account other sympatric carnivores and how they can affect adjacent human communities. For example, conflict mitigation and compensation efforts are required to include the guild of large carnivores, instead of solely targeting the charismatic big cats.

scholarly journals Dynamics of land use and land cover in a Mexican national park

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Maria del Rosario Pineda-López ◽  
Ernesto Ruelas Inzunza ◽  
Lázaro Rafael Sánchez-Velásquez ◽  
Marco A. Espinoza Guzmán ◽  
Alberto Rojo Alboreca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Use Categories

To understand the dynamics of land cover at the Parque Nacional Cofre de Perote, the rates of change in land use were compared at two different scales during the period 1995-2004. At the meso scale, these patterns were studied throughout the entire Parque Nacional Cofre de Perote, which is one of the 60 priority mountains of Mexico, and an important natural protected area of the country located in the state of Veracruz. At a micro scale, the work was focused in ejido El Conejo, located within the boundaries of this national park. Federal government digital orthophotos were used to determine changes in nine categories of land use. In both, the meso- and micro-scale, it was found that the predominant land cover categories are agriculture and forest. The probabilities of land cover change at both scales are low and essentially the same for most land use categories, reflecting both small gains in forest cover park-wide as well as the effectiveness of the ejido in managing natural resources within the park. The authors consider that the findings of the study may be applicable to the broader situation of national parks in Mexico and, finally, the importance of integrating local stakeholders in the management of natural protected areas is discussed.

Exploring the management and integration of national parks in Northern Ethiopia: The case of Kafta Shiraro National Park

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 010-020
Author(s):  
Samson Shimelse Jemaneh
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Northern Ethiopia

The study was conducted in Kafta-Shiraro in Northern region of Ethiopia. The study uses two important parameters to realize the objective of the study investigating themanagement and integration of the park, one is studying and explaining the community perceptions towards elephant (flagship species) conservation in Kafta Shiraro National Park (KSNP) and secondly compare and contrast the population structure and density of the (economically important plant) Boswellia papyrifera (Del.) Hochst inside and outside of the protected areas and the study contribute to the scientific bases for improved management of biodiversity and its conservation system. A total of 100 households were selected from 10 villages using a stratified random sampling. A rapid vegetation assessment survey was conducted in two Boswellia stands, inside the park and outside the park at villages in order to examine the status of the resource base. A total of 40 sample plots of size 20 X 20 m were laid at regular interval along parallel transects with smaller sample plots of size 5 X 5 m nested in the center of each plot for regeneration count. The conflicts between humans and wildlife in KSNP have been getting worse over time and underline the need to find a workable solution to stop the progress of encroaching human activities that are core factors in the conflict. The underlying factors were found to be free encroachment into the wildlife home ranges, mainly for cultivation and dry wood collection. The factors that contributed to the poor conservation of African elephant included weak community awareness and understaffed anti-poaching and patrolling team of the KSNP. The improper land use by host settlers locally called “wefrizemet” as well as legal settlers maximizes the level of habitat disturbance (threat of the elephants in the park) due to illegal cultivation with high number of livestock crossing to the park. B. papyrifera population structure illustrates that natural regeneration is lacking in all two study areas. Additionally, the population of Boswellia in the study areas is unstable and under threat due to lack of recruitments through regeneration. Based on the stands structure analysis, it is hypothesized that lack of natural regeneration is primarily caused by livestock grazing pressure and the absence of recruitment is largely caused by lack of seed production by mother trees as the result of intensive tapping of the frankincense. KSNP is deteriorating due to a lack of integration and development cooperation between the Park and the surrounding local community as well as administration the minimal managerial and institutional capacity of the Park, minimal alternative livelihoods for the surrounding communities, inadequate commitment among all officials in taking the Park as an issue of development agenda, absence of legal procedures and understandings on expansion of large scale farms, unplanned and non-integrated land use systems, and a lack of appropriate outreach programs needed to change the attitudes of the surrounding communities. Collaborative Park management is urgently required to rescue KSNP; agreement should be made from National to Woreda level stakeholders.

Sustainable Management of Bannerghatta National Park, India, with the Insights in Land Cover Dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Ramachandra ◽  
Bharath Setturu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
National Park ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth

The ecosystem of health and natural resource management is influenced by the social, political, economic system and institutional framework in a region. Rapid economic growth in Bangalore and its environs in recent decades has resulted in environmental changes in Bannerghatta National Park (BNP) and its buffer (of 5 km). Land use land cover (LULC) change analysis with a modelling technique such as cellular automata (CA)-Markov was used for quantitatively exploring forest cover transitions. The analysis of LULC dynamics has revealed loss of vegetation cover from 85.78 per cent to 66.37 per cent (1973–2015) and severe environmental stress. The region has lost moist deciduous cover, from 26.1 per cent to 13.8 per cent, and witnessed an increase in horticulture, from 8.5 per cent to 11 per cent (1973–2015). The visualization of likely land use in 2027 indicates the loss of forest cover from 41.38 per cent to 35.59 per cent with an increase in urban area from 4.49 per cent to 9.62 per cent (with new residential and commercial layouts in the buffer zone of BNP in violation of the eco-sensitive zone norms as per Section 5(1) of Environment Protection Act 1986). The study provides insights for developing an appropriate planning framework towards conservation and the sustainable management of ecologically sensitive national parks.

National Parks and Native Peoples in Northern Canada, Alaska, and Northern Australia

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Gardner ◽  
J. G. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Native People ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
Northern Canada

At the very general level, the aim of this paper is to compare the interaction of national parks and native peoples in Northern Canada (Yukon Territory), Alaska, and the Northern Territory of Australia. Currently these areas are subject to increasing land-use pressures from mining, industrial development, the creation of national parks and related reserves, and native attempts to maintain traditional wildlife and renewable resource use. The study focuses on the interactions between national parks and native peoples on the premise that experiences can be compared and problems encountered in one area but possibly avoided in another.The study begins by briefly describing native land-use issues, land-rights arrangements, and organizations, in the Yukon Territory, central Alaska, and Northern Australia. The national park agencies are described, compared, and shown to differ considerably in institutional character, field of management, control of land, and external links with interest groups such as native peoples. Case-studies of the national parks etc. named Kluane (Yukon), Gates of the Arctic (Alaska), and Kakadu (Northern Territory of Australia), are presented to provide more details on similarities and differences in planning, types of tenure, native subsistence activities, and other factors.In the Yukon Territory, neither the national parks agency nor the native people are highly motivated to interact. In contrast, the park agencies and native people in Alaska and the Northern Territory of Australia recognize mutual benefits from interaction—largely as a result of legislation and policies which encourage cooperation. Native involvement officers now facilitate coordination in the Yukon and Alaska. Park agency native employment programmes are proceeding in all three ‘hinterlands’, while native people can own land on which national parks are established in Alaska and the Australian Northern Territory. Only in Australia are native people known to be directly involved in upperlevel national park management. Potential limitations on native subsistence and associated use of national parks range from moderate to severe, and are only defined clearly in Alaska. Lack of definition leads to confusion in deciding upon native use, while exceedingly precise definition precludes flexibility at the park level.A number of aids to a more mutually satisfactory interaction can be identified. One is motivation, or recognition by both parties that there are advantages to consultation and cooperation. Another, not yet achieved in the Yukon, is a land-claims settlement, stating the legislated rights of native peoples in the ‘hinterlands’ and giving them a land-holding and bargaining status which is comparable with that of government agencies. A third aid is comprehensive systematic and regional planning efforts involving opportunities for informed input from all affected parties. Such planning would provide a forum for consideration of a variety of interests, including national parks and native peoples. Finally, satisfactory interaction on the park site could be assisted by clear yet flexible means of deciding upon acceptable native use of parkland, the conservation of wildlife, and associated economic and cultural factors.

Realigning the land-sharing/land-sparing debate to match conservation needs: considering diversity scales and land-use history

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 941-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik von Wehrden ◽  
David J. Abson ◽  
Michael Beckmann ◽  
Anna F. Cord ◽  
Stefan Klotz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use History ◽  
Land Sharing ◽  
Land Sparing

scholarly journals The governance of land use strategies: Institutional and social dimensions of land sparing and land sharing

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e12429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolera S. Jiren ◽  
Ine Dorresteijn ◽  
Jannik Schultner ◽  
Joern Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Land Sharing ◽  
Land Sparing

scholarly journals Land Sparing Can Maintain Bird Diversity in Northeastern Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akib Hasan ◽  
Miguel Montoro Girona ◽  
Guillaume Grosbois ◽  
Narayan Saha ◽  
Md Abdul Halim
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Land Sharing ◽  
Land Sparing ◽  
Bird Calls ◽  
Bird Species Diversity

One of humanity’s most significant challenges in the process of attaining the established sustainability goals is balancing the growing human demand for food and the need to conserve biodiversity. This challenge requires appropriate land uses that are able to conserve biodiversity while ensuring ample food supply. This study compares bird species diversity and abundance in areas undergoing land sharing and land sparing in northeastern Bangladesh (West Bhanugach Reserved Forest). Birds serve as useful biologic indicators because of their presence within different trophic levels and their well-studied ecology. To survey birds, we selected a total of 66 sampling sites within land-sharing (33) and land-sparing (33) land-use areas. Between May and June 2017, we observed and recorded bird calls within a 50-m radius around each sampling site. We counted 541 individuals from 46 species of birds. The Shannon bird diversity was higher in the land-sparing sites (1.52) than in the land-sharing sites (1.23). We found approximately 30% more bird species (39 vs. 30) and 40% more individuals (318 vs. 223) in the land-sparing areas than land-sharing areas. Three bird species, Arachnothera longirostra, Micropternus brachyurus and Copsychus malabaricus, were significantly associated with the land-sparing sites. This study shows that land sharing negatively affects bird diversity, richness and abundance compared to land-sparing. The use of chemical fertilizers and the lack of food, such as insects, for birds can explain the lower diversity, richness and abundance of birds in the land-sharing areas. Although land sharing is an effective means of producing food, land sparing is the most effective land-use practice for preserving bird diversity in northeastern Bangladesh.

Land-use and Threats to Parks in the Neotropics

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick P. Neumann ◽  
Gary E. Machlis
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Conservation Biology ◽  
National Park ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Park Management ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Political Economic

The ecological consequences of contemporary land-use in the neotropics have important influences on national park management in the region. Historical patterns suggest that major land-use changes have occurred regularly, and that these patterns have recently intensified. Is there a relationship between specific land-uses and specific threats to protected areas? Can this relationship be detected in a population of parks?In a survey of managers of 183 national parks, 122 returned questionnaires from 19 countries in the neotropics. We found that a range of land-uses, from livestock grazing to quarrying, are occurring in and around the parks. The results of our statistical analysis indicate that many of these activities are associated with specific threats to park resources: for example, poaching for subsistence was statistically associated with each of the ten most-reported threats.We offer two suggestions for improving our understanding of environmental degradation within parks. First, that research and park management be expanded to acquire a regional focus, namely that the land-transforming activities which threaten park resources can best be understood by incorporating the regional-social and political-economic contexts in the analysis. Second, that the influences of the global economic system be increasingly considered in conceptual frameworks of conservation biology.

scholarly journals Assessing and preventing deforestation in Kayan Mentarang National Park, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 921 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
A K M Ginting Monthe ◽  
R Padjung ◽  
P Dale
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Specific Recommendation ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Deforestation Rate ◽  
The Government

Abstract National parks in Indonesia are valuable assets for the next generations. The urgency to maintain and protect their existence from land degradation and deforestation is an obligation. Moreover, deforestation is the most severe threat to biodiversity. In Kalimantan, deforestation is happening and usually leads to economic loss and poverty. Despite this habitat loss, our ability to quantify deforestation in certain areas to improve mitigation measures, meet the needs of agricultural land, and increases local communities’ resilience and ensure that their customary rights. This study aims to provide models to assess the deforestation rate in Kayan Mentarang National Park and give recommendation action based on existing Land Use Zonation. To achieve this aim, firstly Landsat images was obtained and analysed to produce land use and land cover classification. However, cloud coverage in this area is more than 30% which is too difficult to classify the land cover area. This research use alternative resources from JAXA to generate deforestation map at study area. Then compile this map into map of Land Use Zonation of KMNP to provide specific location of deforestation occurrence. The result showed that deforestation rate at KMNP is low, around 3% and the Traditional Zone has the biggest amount of deforestation occurrence; 18.727 hectare. This finding would give information to the government of KMNP to accelerate empowerment program among indigenous people in term of utilizing their customary land in this zone. Moreover, this research suggest the best practical way to evaluate deforestation occurrence in KMNP area followed by specific recommendation of each land use zonation of KMNP.

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