Theory of Mind as a Mechanism That Accounts for the Continuity or Discontinuity of Behavioral Inhibition: A Developmentally Informed Model of Risk for Social Anxiety

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danming An ◽  
Grazyna Kochanska
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition

scholarly journals Early behavioral and physiological markers of social anxiety in infants with fragile X syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Conner J. Black ◽  
Abigail L. Hogan ◽  
Kayla D. Smith ◽  
Jane E. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
Physiological Markers ◽  
Method Approach

Abstract Background Social anxiety is highly prevalent in neurotypical children and children with fragile X syndrome (FXS). FXS is a genetic syndrome that is characterized by intellectual disability and an increased risk for autism spectrum disorder. If social anxiety is left untreated, negative outcomes are highly prevalent later in life. However, early detection of social anxiety is challenging as symptoms are often subtle or absent very early in life. Given the prevalence and impairment associated with childhood social anxiety, efforts have accelerated to identify risk markers of anxiety. A cluster of early features of anxiety have been identified including elevated behavioral inhibition, attentional biases, and physiological dysregulation that index early emerging markers of social anxiety. Infants with FXS provide a unique opportunity to study the earlier predictors of social anxiety. The current study utilized a multi-method approach to investigate early markers of social anxiety in 12-month-old infants with FXS. Method Participants included 32 infants with FXS and 41 low-risk controls, all approximately 12 months old. Parent-reported social behavioral inhibition was recorded from the Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ-R). Direct observations of behavioral inhibition and attention were measured during a stranger approach task with respiratory sinus arrhythmia collected simultaneously. Results Parent-reported social behavioral inhibition was not significantly different between groups. In contrast, direct observations suggested that infants with FXS displayed elevated behavioral inhibition, increased attention towards the stranger, and a blunted respiratory sinus arrhythmia response. Conclusions Findings suggest that infants with FXS show both behavioral and physiological markers of social anxiety at 12 months old using a biobehavioral approach with multiple sources of input. Results highlight the importance of a multi-method approach to understanding the complex early emergent characteristics of anxiety in infants with FXS.

Understanding the Emergence of Social Anxiety in Children with Behavioral Inhibition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan A. Fox ◽  
George A. Buzzell ◽  
Santiago Morales ◽  
Emilio A. Valadez ◽  
McLennon Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition

scholarly journals Behavioral Inhibition in Childhood as A Risk Factor for Development of Social Anxiety Disorder: A Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3941
Author(s):  
Garcia-Lopez Luis-Joaquin ◽  
Espinosa-Fernández Lourdes ◽  
Muela-Martínez José A
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
School Settings ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Home And School

Previous research has suggested the association between behavioral inhibition (BI) and the development of social anxiety disorder in childhood. However, there is scarce research using longitudinal methodology in Spanish-speaking populations. To cover this gap, the sample comprised 73 children ranging from six to eight years who had been examined for BI two years earlier in home and school settings. Children and their parents were administered the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-5-Child and Parent Versions to assess the presence of possible anxiety disorders. The results revealed the stability of BI symptomatology over time. Data also showed that BI children were almost ten times more likely to develop social anxiety disorder two years later, compared to no-BI children. As a result, findings suggest behavioral inhibition strongly predicts social anxiety disorder, making BI a logical focus for selective preventive interventions. Therefore, screening for behavioral inhibition holds promise for primary prevention.

scholarly journals Developmental pathways to social anxiety and irritability: The role of the ERN

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney A. Filippi ◽  
Anni R. Subar ◽  
Jessica F. Sachs ◽  
Katharina Kircanski ◽  
George Buzzell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Error Monitoring ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Maternal Report ◽  
Error Related Negativity

AbstractEarly behaviors that differentiate later biomarkers for psychopathology can guide preventive efforts while also facilitating pathophysiological research. We tested whether error-related negativity (ERN) moderates the link between early behavior and later psychopathology in two early childhood phenotypes: behavioral inhibition and irritability. From ages 2 to 7 years, children (n = 291) were assessed longitudinally for behavioral inhibition (BI) and irritability. Behavioral inhibition was assessed via maternal report and behavioral responses to novelty. Childhood irritability was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist. At age 12, an electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded while children performed a flanker task to measure ERN, a neural indicator of error monitoring. Clinical assessments of anxiety and irritability were conducted using questionnaires (i.e., Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders and Affective Reactivity Index) and clinical interviews. Error monitoring interacted with early BI and early irritability to predict later psychopathology. Among children with high BI, an enhanced ERN predicted greater social anxiety at age 12. In contrast, children with high childhood irritability and blunted ERN predicted greater irritability at age 12. This converges with previous work and provides novel insight into the specificity of pathways associated with psychopathology.

Social anxiety, rejection sensitivity, and theory of mind decoding ability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla A. Lord ◽  
Michael K. Suvak ◽  
Gabrielle I. Liverant
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Rejection Sensitivity ◽  
Decoding Ability

scholarly journals Social Anxiety Symptoms in Young Children: Investigating the Interplay of Theory of Mind and Expressions of Shyness

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 997-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Colonnesi ◽  
Milica Nikolić ◽  
Wieke de Vente ◽  
Susan M. Bögels
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms
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