A Factor Analysis and Test of Longitudinal Measurement Invariance of the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) Across Adolescence

A factor analytic study of scores obtained on the Children's Depression Inventory from a sample of 202 young children ( M = 7.5 yr., SD = 2.2) of alcoholics and substance abusers was completed. A principal components factor analysis with an oblique rotation yielded five separate factors related to Negative Self-concept, Acting-out, Somatic/Disturbed Symptoms, Mood, and Hopelessness. In previous factor analytic studies of the Children's Depression Inventory with normal and clinical populations the primary factor obtained was formed by mood-related items. In contrast, the primary factor of the present analysis was formed by items concerning perceptions of self-concept, not mood. These results corroborated previously reported data from the Child Behavior Checklist suggesting that the depressive symptoms displayed by children of substance abusers are related to self-concept and externalization.

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Joint Factor Analysis of the Children's Depression Inventory and the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale

Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology ◽

10.1207/s15374424jccp3004_11 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 552-567 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Kevin D. Stark ◽

Jeff Laurent

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Anxiety Scale ◽

Children's Depression Inventory ◽

Children’S Depression Inventory ◽

Joint Factor ◽

Children’S Depression ◽

Joint Factor Analysis ◽

Manifest Anxiety

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Evidencias de validez y fiabilidad de la versión en español del Children’s Depression Inventory-Short en población peruana

Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica ◽

10.5944/rppc.26211 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 111

Author(s):

José Ventura-León ◽

Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez ◽

Shirley Tocto-Muñoz ◽

Maryuri Torres-Maldonado ◽

Karen Curahua-Guillén

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Fit Indices ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Children's Depression Inventory ◽

Children’S Depression Inventory ◽

Palabras Clave ◽

Children’S Depression ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Two Factors

Evidence of validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the Children’s Depression Inventory-Short in Peruvian population Abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the validity evidence of the Children’s Depression Inventory-Short (CDI-S; Kovacs, 1992), in Peruvian school children. A total of 1059 children between 7 and 12 years old participated (Mean = 9.73, SD = 1.23). The results revealed the existence of two factors related to strong loads in the exploratory factor analysis, which were corroborated by confirmatory factor analysis with good goodness-of-fit indices (CFI ≥ .97, RMSEA ≤ .04). The reliability of the CDI-S, calculated with the internal consistency method, was good in both factors (ω > .80). We conclude that the CDI-S is a valid and reliable measure in Peruvian children and should be interpreted as a test with two factors (Dysphoria and Negative self-esteem), which is consistent with previous empirical and theoretical studies. Keywords: Validation; reliability; depression; children. Resumen: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar evidencias de validez y fiabilidad de la versión en español del Children’s Depression Inventory-Short (CDI-S, Kovacs, 1992), en población peruana. Participaron 1059 niños y niñas entre 7 y 12 años (Media = 9.73, DT = 1.23). Los resultados revelaron la existencia de dos factores relacionados con cargas fuertes enel análisis factorial exploratorio, los cuales fueron corroborados mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio con buenos índices de bondad de ajuste (CFI ≥ .97, RMSEA ≤ .04). La fiabilidad del CDI-S, calculada con el método de consistencia interna, fue buena en los dos factores (ω > .80). Se concluye que el CDI-S es una medida valida y fiable en niños peruanos y debe ser interpretada como una prueba con dos factores (Disforia y Autoestima negativa), lo cual es coherente con estudios empíricos y teóricos previos. Palabras clave: Validación; fiabilidad; depresión; niños.

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Children’s Depression Inventory: Testing Measurement Invariance for the Hierarchical Factor Model Across Children and Adolescents in a Clinic-Referred Sample

Journal of Childhood & Developmental Disorders ◽

10.4172/2472-1786.100032 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Rapson Gomez ◽

Alasdair Vance

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Measurement Invariance ◽

Factor Model ◽

Children's Depression Inventory ◽

Children’S Depression Inventory ◽

Children’S Depression

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Measuring depression in adolescence: Evaluation of a hierarchical factor model of the Children’s Depression Inventory and measurement invariance across boys and girls

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0249943 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0249943

Author(s):

Martin Jelínek ◽

Petr Květon ◽

Iva Burešová ◽

Helena Klimusová

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Measurement Invariance ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Factor Model ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Self Concept ◽

Children's Depression Inventory ◽

Differential Functioning ◽

Children’S Depression ◽

Standardized Mean Difference

Background One of the most widely used instruments to measure depression in childhood and adolescence is Kovacs’s Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI). Even though this particular measure sparked massive interest among researchers, there is no clear consensus about its factorial structure. It has been suggested that inconsistencies in findings can be partly ascribed to the cultural context. The aim of this study was a) to examine and verify the factor structure of CDI in the Czech population and b) to assess gender-related psychometric differences using the mean and covariance structure (MACS) approach and differential item functioning (DIF) analysis. Methods The research sample consisted of 1,515 adolescents (ages 12 to 16 years, 53.7% female) from a non-clinical general population. Based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on a random subsample (N = 500), we proposed a model that was subsequently tested on the rest of the sample (N = 1,015) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Following the MACS procedure, we assessed measurement invariance in boys and girls. The between-group comparison was further supplemented by a DIF analysis. Results The proposed hierarchical four-factor model (General Symptoms, Negative Self-Concept, Inefficiency, and Social Anhedonia) with a second-order factor of depression fitted the data reasonably well (χ2 = 1281.355; df = 320; RMSEA = 0.054, CFI = 0.925). Regarding gender differences, we found no substantial signs of measurement invariance using the MACS approach. Boys and girls differed in first-order latent means (girls scored higher on General Symptoms with a standardized mean difference of 0.52 and on Negative Self-Concept with a standardized mean difference of 0.31). DIF analysis identified three items with differential functioning. However, the levels of differential functioning were only marginal (in two items) or marginal/moderate and the presence of DIF does not substantially influence scoring of CDI. Conclusion In the general adolescent population in the Czech Republic, the CDI can be considered a reliable instrument for screening purposes in clinical settings and for use in research practice. Instead of the originally proposed five-factor model, we recommend using the newly established four-factor structure. The measure seems to show only marginal psychometric differences with respect to gender, and overall measurement invariance in boys and girls seems to be a tenable assumption.

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