Influence of surface flame-retardant layer containing ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite on the performance of jute/polypropylene composites

We found in our previous study that layered double hydroxides (LDHs) which undergo aqueous miscible organic solvent treatment (AMOST) can tune the hydrophobicity surface of LDHs to be hydrophobic, and then the solvent mixing method can be used to prepare polymer/LDH nanocomposites. However, flame retardant property is not very high if LDHs are only used. In this present work, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) intercalated LDHs and zinc borate (ZB) was incorporated into a polypropylene (PP) matrix using the solvent mixing method. The structures, morphologies, and performance of the composites were characterized carefully. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) reduction of PP containing 10 and 20 wt % APP-LDH reached 27% and 55%, respectively, which increased up to 63% compared with PP/CO3-LDH. After incorporating 2 wt % ZB in the PP/APP-LDH system, the flame retardant property was further improved. Polypropylene composites with 20 wt % APP-LDH and 2 wt % ZB showed a 58% PHRR reduction. In addition, thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) results indicated that the addition of APP-LDH and ZB improved the temperature at 50% weight loss (T50%) and the char formation of the materials significantly.

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Synergistic effect of ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite on flame-retardant properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene

Journal of Applied Polymer Science ◽

10.1002/app.36997 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 126 (4) ◽

pp. 1337-1343 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Lan-Lan Ge ◽

Hong-Ji Duan ◽

Xiao-Guang Zhang ◽

Chen Chen ◽

Jian-Hua Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Synergistic Effect ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽

Expandable Graphite ◽

Flame Retardant Properties ◽

Butadiene Styrene

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Preparation of ammonium polyphosphate and dye co-intercalated LDH/polypropylene composites with enhanced flame retardant and UV resistance properties

Chemosphere ◽

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130370 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 130370

Author(s):

Yuan Liu ◽

Yanshan Gao ◽

Zhang Zhang ◽

Qiang Wang

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽

Uv Resistance ◽

Polypropylene Composites

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Flame Retardancy, Fire Behavior, and Flame Retardant Mechanism of Intumescent Flame Retardant EPDM Containing Ammonium Polyphosphate/Pentaerythrotol and Expandable Graphite

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12244035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 4035 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Junsheng Wang ◽

Lei Xue ◽

Bi Zhao ◽

Guide Lin ◽

Xing Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Release ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Flame Retardancy ◽

Fire Behavior ◽

Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽

Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽

Infrared Spectrometry ◽

Expandable Graphite ◽

Physical Interaction ◽

Limiting Oxygen Index

The intumescent flame retardant ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM) was prepared using intumescent flame retardant (IFR), including ammonium polyphosphate (APP) /pentaerythrotol (PER) and expandable graphite (EG), as the flame retardant agent. The effects of IFR and EG on the flame retardancy, fire behavior, and thermal stability of the EPDM were investigated. The results show that IFR and EG have excellent synergistic flame retardant effects. When the mass ratio of IFR to EG is 3:1 and the total addition content is 40 phr, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the EPDM material (EPDM/IFR/EG) can reach 30.4%, and it can pass a V-0 rating in the vertical combustion (UL-94) test. Meanwhile, during the cone calorimetry test, the heat release rate and total heat release of EPDM/IFR/EG are 69.0% and 33.3% lower than that of the pure EPDM, respectively, and the smoke release of the material also decreases significantly, suggesting that the sample shows good fire safety. In addition, the flame retardant mechanism of IFR and EG is systematically investigated by thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TG-IR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the results indicate that IFR and EG have only physical interaction. Moreover, the reason why IFR exhibits a poor flame retardant effect in EPDM materials is explained.

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