Purpose The optimal radiotherapy regimen for elderly and/or frail patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma remains to be established. This study compared two radiotherapy regimens on the outcome of these patients. Patients and Methods Between 2010 and 2013, 98 patients (frail = age ≥ 50 years and Karnofsky performance status [KPS] of 50% to 70%; elderly and frail = age ≥ 65 years and KPS of 50% to 70%; elderly = age ≥ 65 years and KPS of 80% to 100%) were prospectively randomly assigned to two arms in a 1:1 ratio, stratified by age (< and ≥ 65 years old), KPS, and extent of surgical resection. Arm 1 received short-course radiotherapy (25 Gy in five daily fractions over 1 week), and arm 2 received commonly used radiotherapy (40 Gy in 15 daily fractions over 3 weeks). Results The short-course radiotherapy was noninferior to commonly used radiotherapy. The median overall survival time was 7.9 months (95% CI, 6.3 to 9.6 months) in arm 1 and 6.4 months (95% CI, 5.1 to 7.6 months) in arm 2 (P = .988). Median progression-free survival time was 4.2 months (95% CI, 2.5 to 5.9) in arm 1 and 4.2 months (95% CI, 2.6 to 5.7) in arm B (P = .716). With a median follow-up time of 6.3 months, the quality of life between both arms at 4 weeks after treatment and 8 weeks after treatment was not different. Conclusion There were no differences in overall survival time, progression-free survival time, and quality of life between patients receiving the two radiotherapy regimens. In view of the reduced treatment time, the short 1-week radiotherapy regimen may be recommended as a treatment option for elderly and/or frail patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.
