Mediation Analysis of a Theory-Based Culture and Age-Appropriate HIV/STI Prevention

Reliability of Clinician Judgments of Severity of Phonological Impairment

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/1058-0360.0403.39 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 39-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Susan K. Rafaat ◽

Susan Rvachew ◽

Rebecca S. C. Russell

Keyword(s):

Conversational Speech ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Age Appropriate ◽

Citation Form ◽

Phonological Abilities ◽

Preschool Aged Children

Pairs of speech-language pathologists independently rated severity of phonological impairment for 45 preschoolers, aged 30 to 65 months. Children were rated along a continuum from normal to profound. In addition to judging overall severity of impairment, the clinicians provided separate ratings based on citation form and conversational samples. A judgment of intelligibility of conversational speech was also required. Results indicated that interclinician reliability was adequate (80% agreement) for older preschool-aged children (4-1/2 years and above) but that judgments by speechlanguage pathologists were not sufficiently reliable for children under 3-1/2 years of age 40% agreement). Children judged to have age appropriate phonological abilities were not clearly distinguishable from children judged to have a mild delay. Educating speech-language pathologists regarding the normative phonological data that are available with respect to young preschoolers, and ensuring that such data are readily accessible for assessment purposes, is required.

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Effects of Fundamental Frequency Contours on Sentence Recognition in Mandarin-Speaking Children With Cochlear Implants

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (11) ◽

pp. 3855-3864

Author(s):

Wanting Huang ◽

Lena L. N. Wong ◽

Fei Chen ◽

Haihong Liu ◽

Wei Liang

Keyword(s):

Cochlear Implants ◽

Fundamental Frequency ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Lexical Tone ◽

Signal To Noise ◽

Sentence Recognition ◽

Test Conditions ◽

Age Appropriate ◽

F0 Contour ◽

Appropriate Sentences

Purpose Fundamental frequency (F0) is the primary acoustic cue for lexical tone perception in tonal languages but is processed in a limited way in cochlear implant (CI) systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of F0 contours in sentence recognition in Mandarin-speaking children with CIs and find out whether it is similar to/different from that in age-matched normal-hearing (NH) peers. Method Age-appropriate sentences, with F0 contours manipulated to be either natural or flattened, were randomly presented to preschool children with CIs and their age-matched peers with NH under three test conditions: in quiet, in white noise, and with competing sentences at 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio. Results The neutralization of F0 contours resulted in a significant reduction in sentence recognition. While this was seen only in noise conditions among NH children, it was observed throughout all test conditions among children with CIs. Moreover, the F0 contour-induced accuracy reduction ratios (i.e., the reduction in sentence recognition resulting from the neutralization of F0 contours compared to the normal F0 condition) were significantly greater in children with CIs than in NH children in all test conditions. Conclusions F0 contours play a major role in sentence recognition in both quiet and noise among pediatric implantees, and the contribution of the F0 contour is even more salient than that in age-matched NH children. These results also suggest that there may be differences between children with CIs and NH children in how F0 contours are processed.

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After Dismissal: Examining the Language, Literacy, and Cognitive Skills of Children With Remediated Speech Sound Disorders

Perspectives on School-Based Issues ◽

10.1044/sbi16.2.50 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 50-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kelly Farquharson

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Speech Production ◽

Cognitive Skills ◽

Speech Sound ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Speech Sound Disorders ◽

Academic Difficulties ◽

The Public ◽

Age Appropriate ◽

Language Literacy

Speech sound disorders are a complex and often persistent disorder in young children. For many children, therapy results in successful remediation of the errored productions as well as age-appropriate literacy and academic progress. However, for some children, while they may attain age-appropriate speech production skills, they later have academic difficulties. For SLPs in the public schools, these children present as challenging in terms of both continuing treatment as well as in terms of caseload management. What happens after dismissal? Have these children truly acquired adequate speech production skills? Do they have lingering language, literacy, and cognitive deficits? The purpose of this article is to describe the language, literacy, and cognitive features of a small group of children with remediated speech sound disorders compared to their typically developing peers.

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Age-Appropriate Restraints Save Lives in Wrecks

Pediatric News ◽

10.1016/s0031-398x(06)71169-9 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 40 (7) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

NANCY NICKELL

Keyword(s):

Age Appropriate

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Successful Entrepreneurship as Developmental Outcome

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040/a000075 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 174-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Martin Obschonka ◽

Rainer K. Silbereisen ◽

Eva Schmitt-Rodermund

Keyword(s):

Big Five ◽

Role Models ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Current Data ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Authoritative Parenting ◽

Venture Creation ◽

Entrepreneurial Success ◽

Entrepreneurial Skills ◽

Age Appropriate

Applying a lifespan approach of human development, this study examined pathways to entrepreneurial success by analyzing retrospective and current data. Along the lines of McClelland’s ideas of early entrepreneurship development and Rauch and Frese’s Giessen-Amsterdam model on venture success, we investigated the roles of founders’ adolescent years (early role models, authoritative parenting, and early entrepreneurial competence), personality traits (Big Five pattern), and entrepreneurial skills and growth goals during venture creation. Findings were derived from structural equation modeling studying two comparable samples of founders (N = 531) and nascent founders (N = 100) from Germany. Across both samples, reports on age-appropriate entrepreneurial competence in adolescence and an entrepreneurial Big Five profile predicted entrepreneurial skills during venture creation, which in turn predicted founders’ setting of ambitious growth goals and entrepreneurial success. Early entrepreneurial competence was related to the availability of entrepreneurial role models and authoritative parenting during adolescence as well as to an entrepreneurial Big Five profile. In line with prospective reports on early precursors of entrepreneurship, the findings illuminate the development of entrepreneurship in general and entrepreneurial success in particular over the lifespan, especially with regard to factors relevant in the adolescent years and the interplay with personality across different developmental periods.

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