Entrepreneurship Education: The Effects of Challenge-Based Learning on the Entrepreneurial Mindset of University Students

The aim of this paper is to investigate the implications of Challenge-Based Learning programs on entrepreneurial skills, and on the mindset and intentions of university students, through a quantitative approach. Resorting to an original database, we analyzed the pre- and post-levels of entrepreneurial skills, mindset and intention of 127 students who attended a Challenge-Based Learning program. Results show a positive and significant effect of Challenge-Based Learning programs on the entrepreneurial mindset and skills—that is, financial literacy, creativity, and planning—of the students.

Systematic Development of Generic Skills to Enhance Innovation Capacity of Eastern and Southeastern European Universities

The level of innovativeness within the higher education systems of east and southeast Europe and their graduates is still assessed as modest or moderate. Besides the general socio–economic context and the inherited institutional management types, this deficiency stems from a lack of generic skills crucial for increasing the innovation capacity of the universities. TrainESEE v.2 project suggests that significant changes should be already put in place within the applied teaching methodology, but also highlights the importance of developing project development and management skills, innovation, entrepreneurial skills, and finally competences needed to strengthen science to business cooperation.

Entrepreneurial Skills Reinforcement Model in “Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka” Entrepreneurship at University of Merdeka Malang

In achieving long-term goals and specific targets researchers will develop a model ESRM (entrepreneurial Skill Reinforcement Model) in order to create a strong competitive edge in the face of the complex economic conditions. The existence of limited information regarding training and education that strengthens entrepreneurial skills can affect the quality of an entrepreneur. This study aims to cluster and need analyze the interests of students in entrepreneurship at the University of Merdeka Malang. The method that will be used in this research is using the clustering method, where at this stage the student's entrepreneurial interest will be clustered, then a need assessment is carried out and then the model design is carried out according to the student's needs. In the next stage, a model for strengthening entrepreneurial skills was designed and then improved with focus group discussions and expert tests so that the model became feasible and suitable to be applied. Then it will be tested in a trial class to test the effectiveness of the model. The results of the model's feasibility analysis show that there is a strong agreement between experts and practitioners on the feasibility of the developed model. In addition, based on the effectiveness test, the research product in the form of ESRM is categorized as effective for increasing entrepreneurial skills instudents.

Entrepreneurial Skill Development in Indonesia and Nigeria through Project-Based Learning

This study analyzed how students in Indonesia and Nigeria used Project-Based Learning to develop their entrepreneurial skills. Qualitative methods with observation and documentation instruments used in this study. The success of the Project-Based Learning strategy is evaluated by reviewing projects completed by students. The findings of this study can be used by universities in Indonesia, Nigeria, and other countries as an alternative learning strategy. This research has never been done before because it examines entrepreneurial skills using Project-Based Learning in the context of Indonesia and Nigeria. The results obtained in Nnamdi Azikiwe University and Universitas Bengkulu<strong> </strong>indicated that PjBL approach increases students’ entrepreneurship skill development, creative thinking, and problem solving. These are very important for future entrepreneurial endeavours. Hence, PjBL is an effective method that can be used to enhance the entrepreneurial skill of students compared to the traditional class structure where the teacher or lecturer do more of the teaching with less students’ involvement. This study provides an alternative option for developing entrepreneurial skills through project-based learning in both Indonesia and Nigeria.

PROJECT SUCCESS AND INDIVIDUAL ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION OF PROJECT MANAGERS: RUSSIAN CONTEXT

Projects implemented in conditions of high uncertainty are sometimes called entrepreneurial projects. Success in such projects is more difficult to achieve. To successfully manage entrepreneurial projects, project managers should have entrepreneurial skills. The article explores two issues related to project success, entrepreneurial characteristics, and project uncertainty. First, the article tries to find out whether the increase in the entrepreneurial nature of the project, manifested in the increase in project goals and methods uncertainty, is accompanied by a decrease in project success. Second question is – does the entrepreneurial orientation of project managers affect project success and the relationship between the projects’ success and their entrepreneurial features. To answer these questions, data were collected from Russian project managers assessing the entrepreneurial nature of projects, project success and the individual entrepreneurial orientation of project-managers. The collected data were examined using factor and regression analysis. The findings indicate that there is a negative relationship between the entrepreneurial nature and such indicators of project success as internal efficiency, preparation for the future, and results for clients. Some indicators of success were positively associated with such indicators of entrepreneurial orientation as proactivity and risk taking. As uncertainty increased, some measures of individual entrepreneurial orientation of project managers can positively compensate negative impact on project success from uncertainty associated with projects’ entrepreneurial nature.

The impact of intrapreneurship strategy on business performances of Italian companies

Intrapreneurship is a decentralized management strategy applied in large and medium-sized companies. The strategy enables employees to use their entrepreneurial skills for the benefit of both the company and the employee. Talented employees get the opportunity to create ideas, undertake innovative ventures, to experiment, to gain access to financial resources and other resources in order to encourage innovative change and results. The creator of the idea was the Pinchot couple in 1978, but to this day the concept has undergone several evolutionary waves (Antoncic, 2020). The intrapreneurship strategy positively affects the agility in the company, raises efficiency, has a positive effect on team spirit, increases productivity, reduces costs and raises profitability. The main goal of the paper is to analyze the level of intrapreneurship presence in large and medium-sized companies in the Italian region of Campania. The influence of intrapreneurship parameters on companies' business indicators is also measured. An instrument for measuring intrapreneurship was created for the needs of paper. The instrument measures the presence of autonomous teams in the company, the possibility of taking business initiative, speed of access to resources for testing purposes and realization of new business ideas, encouraging risk with the aim of realizing business ideas, mobility of resources within the company, the degree of management tolerance in order to realize new business ideas of employees, the presence of rewards, the level of management support at all levels, the number of hierarchical levels in the company and the role of crowdsourcing in the development of internal entrepreneurship. After factor and regression analysis, Factor 1 has a dominant impact on all three business indicators, while Factor 2 has a smaller but statistically significant impact on the company's volume of business and investments

Some Aspects About Entrepreneurial Skills and Competences Learning

Nowadays, teaching entrepreneurship is important in terms of developing country’s economics and forming entrepreneurial thinking among the society. The difference between entrepreneurial competence and adequacy must be considered, as well as defining entrepreneurial competences as being initiative and stringy. The result of teaching entrepreneurship has two different meanings - it is considered as a skill of leading business, more widely - as a stringiness of an individual. Human is an actualization of civilization, society and historical experience of profession, therefore the process of forming entrepreneurial thinking - universal skill - should be considered through this lens. The Entrepreneurial work is not easy, it demands a purposeful approach, assessment of individual possibilities and skills. Lots of business theorists and practicists still argue about whether it’s possible to teach someone entrepreneurship or not. Everybody agrees that possessing the entrepreneurial skills is very important, but cannot define what it means. The Entrepreneurial thinking can be reviewed as:  The Vivid vision and understanding of life goals - an entrepreneur mostly does what he wants and likes and minimizes almost every unpleasant work.  Desire to work for yourself - strong will to work without dependence on others.  Abillity and desire to take responsibility on his personal life, income and other material pleasures.  Particular attitude towards money - for entrepreneurs, money is not an instrument of fulfilling goals. Therefore, they’re not afraid of investing millions. The Positive perception of the word “investition” - entrepreneur sees investments not as an expense, but as the additional possibility. He knows that he doesn’t waste money in books or trainings, but investing in himself. The ability to gain from every situation - if others are saying that it’s not real, then it’s just an opinion of others. The Entrepreneurs love experiments - he’s open to the new things and possibilities and uses chances. The Entrepreneur is able to find necessary contacts, resources, possibilities fast. Dealing with those who are difficult to be dealt with, to say a firm “no” if he doesn’t agree with something. Developing entrepreneurial thinking is very real and this process should be based on human’s formation into an entrepreneur - if 100,000 is the biggest number for him, then his business will be of this scale. And when he starts thinking with 100 Million categories, the business will profit him accordingly. Keywords: entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial competences, entrepreneurial skills, teaching entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial thinking.