Moore-paradoxical belief, conscious belief and the epistemic Ramsey test

Institutional racism is a social unconscious process. It is the collective operation of shared unconscious assumptions and values that exist in groupings and cultures such as group analytic institutions where individuals may consciously believe they are not racist. In such cultures this conscious belief is protected by unconscious processes of denial, avoidance and negation. Attempts to address the issue within group analysis reveal some of its problematic dynamics.

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The Evidential Conditional

Erkenntnis ◽

10.1007/s10670-020-00332-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Vincenzo Crupi ◽

Andrea Iacona

Keyword(s):

Careful Consideration ◽

The Other ◽

Ramsey Test ◽

The One ◽

The Way

AbstractThis paper outlines an account of conditionals, the evidential account, which rests on the idea that a conditional is true just in case its antecedent supports its consequent. As we will show, the evidential account exhibits some distinctive logical features that deserve careful consideration. On the one hand, it departs from the material reading of ‘if then’ exactly in the way we would like it to depart from that reading. On the other, it significantly differs from the non-material accounts which hinge on the Ramsey Test, advocated by Adams, Stalnaker, Lewis, and others.

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Conditional Belief and the Ramsey Test

Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement ◽

10.1017/s1358246100008146 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 215-232

Author(s):

Scott Sturgeon

Keyword(s):

Everyday Life ◽

Common Sense ◽

The Other ◽

Coarse Grained ◽

Degrees Of Belief ◽

Conditional Belief ◽

Ramsey Test ◽

Fine Grained

Consider the frameS believes that—.Fill it with a conditional, sayIf you eat an Apple, you'll drink a Coke.what makes the result true? More generally, what facts are marked by instances ofS believes (A→C)?In a sense the answer is obious: beliefs are so marked. Yet that bromide leads directly to competing schools of thought. And the reason is simple.Common-sense thinks of belief two ways. Sometimes it sees it as a three-part affair. When so viewed either you believe, disbelieve, or suspend judgment. This take on belief is coarse-grained. It says belief has three flavours: acceptance, rejection, neither. But it's not the only way common-sense thinks of belief. Sometimes it's more subtle: ‘How strong is your faith?’ can be apposite between believers. That signals an important fact. Ordinary practice also treats belief as a fine-grained affair. It speaks of levels of confidence. It admits degrees of belief. It contains a fine-grained take as well. There are two ways belief is seen in everyday life. One is coarse-grained. The other is fine-grained.

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Partial monotonicity and a new version of the Ramsey test

Studia Logica ◽

10.1007/bf00370330 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 21-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John Pais ◽

Peter Jackson

Keyword(s):

Ramsey Test ◽

Partial Monotonicity

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Revision and Conditional Inference for Abstract Dialectical Frameworks

10.24963/kr.2021/33 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jesse Heyninck ◽

Gabriele Kern-Isberner ◽

Tjitze Rienstra ◽

Kenneth Skiba ◽

Matthias Thimm

Keyword(s):

Belief Revision ◽

Research Topic ◽

Conditional Inference ◽

Ramsey Test ◽

The One ◽

Exact Relationship ◽

Nonmonotonic Inference ◽

Total Preorder

For propositional beliefs, there are well-established connections between belief revision, defeasible conditionals and nonmonotonic inference. In argumentative contexts, such connections have not yet been investigated. On the one hand, the exact relationship between formal argumentation and nonmonotonic inference relations is a research topic that keeps on eluding researchers despite recently intensified efforts, whereas argumentative revision has been studied in numerous works during recent years. In this paper, we show that similar relationships between belief revision, defeasible conditionals and nonmonotonic inference hold in argumentative contexts as well. We first define revision operators for abstract dialectical frameworks, and use such revision operators to define dynamic conditionals by means of the Ramsey test. We show that such conditionals can be equivalently defined using a total preorder over three-valued interpretations, and study the inferential behaviour of the resulting conditional inference relations.

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On the Ramsey Test Analysis of ‘Because’

Erkenntnis ◽

10.1007/s10670-018-0006-8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 84 (6) ◽

pp. 1229-1262 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Holger Andreas ◽

Mario Günther

Keyword(s):

Test Analysis ◽

Ramsey Test

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EXPRESS: Behavioral evidence of altered sensory attenuation in obesity

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology ◽

10.1177/17470218211065766 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174702182110657

Author(s):

Federica Scarpina ◽

Carlotta Fossataro ◽

Alice Rossi Sebastiano ◽

Francesca Bruni ◽

Massimo Scacchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sense Of Agency ◽

Future Research ◽

Body Ownership ◽

Healthy Weight ◽

Attenuation Effect ◽

Tactile Stimuli ◽

Control Framework ◽

Sensory Attenuation ◽

Behavioral Evidence ◽

Conscious Belief

Body ownership (i.e., the conscious belief of owning a body) and sense of agency (i.e., being the agent of one’s own movements) are part of a pre-reflective experience of bodily self, which grounds on low-level complex sensory–motor processes. While previous literature had already investigated body ownership in obesity, sense of agency was never explored. Here, we exploited the sensory attenuation effect (i.e., an implicit marker of the sense of agency; SA effect) to investigate whether the sense of agency was altered in a sample of eighteen individuals affected by obesity as compared with eighteen healthy-weight individuals. In our experiment, participants were asked to rate the perceived intensity of self-generated and other-generated tactile stimuli. Healthy-weight individuals showed a significantly greater SA effect than participants affected by obesity. Indeed, while healthy-weight participants perceived self-generated stimuli as significantly less intense as compared to externally generated ones, this difference between stimuli was not reported by affected participants. Our results relative to the SA effect pinpointed an altered sense of agency in obesity. We discussed this finding within the motor control framework with reference to obesity. We encouraged future research to further explore such effect and its role in shaping the clinical features of obesity.

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