Response to the letter to editor: need for upper urinary tract stenting in cases of ureteral orifice injury during laser enucleation of the prostate

Urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract represents only 5% of all urothelial cancers. The 5-year cancer-specific survival in the United States is roughly 75% with grade and stage being the most powerful predictors of survival. Nephroureterectomy with excision of the ipsilateral ureteral orifice and bladder cuff en bloc remains the gold standard treatment of the upper urinary tract urothelial cancers, while endoscopic and laparoscopic approaches are rapidly evolving as reasonable alternatives of care depending on grade and stage of disease. Several controversies remain in their management, including a selection of endoscopic versus laparoscopic approaches, management strategies on the distal ureter, the role of lymphadenectomy, and the value of chemotherapy in upper tract disease. Aims of this paper are to critically review the management of such tumors, including endoscopic management, laparoscopic nephroureterectomy and management of the distal ureter, the role of lymphadenectomy, and the emerging role of chemotherapy in their treatment.

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Superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the ureteral orifice: Higher risk of developing subsequent upper urinary tract tumors

International Journal of Urology ◽

10.1111/j.1442-2042.2006.01385.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 682-685 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

ERIC CHIEH-LUNG CHOU ◽

ALEX T LIN ◽

KUANG-KUO CHEN ◽

LUKE S CHANG

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Transitional Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Transitional Cell ◽

Upper Urinary Tract ◽

Ureteral Orifice

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Transurethral resection of bladder cancer involving the orifice of the ureter

Cancer Urology ◽

10.17650/1726-9776-2021-17-2-104-111 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 104-111

Author(s):

A. I. Novikov ◽

R. V. Leonenkov ◽

D. B. Temkin ◽

M. V. Borovik ◽

E. S. Shpilenya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Transurethral Resection ◽

Bladder Tumor ◽

Urothelial Cancer ◽

Treatment Algorithm ◽

Upper Urinary Tract ◽

Ureteral Orifice ◽

Risk Factors For Recurrence ◽

Primary Bladder ◽

Causes And Risk Factors

In 90-95 % of cases, urothelial cancer primarily affects the bladder and in about 5-49 % of patients it can be located near or completely close the orifice of the ureter. Metachronous urothelial cancer of the upper urinary tract occurs, as a rule, 3 or more years after transurethral resection of the primary bladder tumor or radical cystectomy, and its frequency with involvement of the ureteral orifice ranges from 0 to 20 %, reaching 51 %. Currently, there are no clear recommendations and diagnostic and treatment algorithm for the management of this category of patients. This review examines the frequency, possible causes and risk factors for recurrence of upper urinary tract tumors, indications for organ-preserving treatment, features of surgical technique for transurethral resection of ureteral orifice tumors, emerging complications and methods of their prevention.

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